Lab Values

Question 1

pH

Answer 1

NR - 7.35-7.45
H- Alkalosis
L - Acidosis

Question 2

O2 Sats

Answer 2

NR - 95% - 100%
H - Hyperventilation
L - Anemia, COPD, heart disease

Question 3

Na+

Answer 3

Sodium
NR - 135 - 145 mEq/L
H - Dehydration, diabetes, hypertension
L - Malabsorption, cirrhosis, emphysema

Question 4

K+

Answer 4

Potassium
NR - 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
H - Acidosis, asthma, hypoventilation
L - alkalosis, vomiting/diarrhea, alcoholism

Question 5

Cl-

Answer 5

Chloride
NR - 96 - 108 mEq/L
H - Fever, dehydration, alcoholism, respiratory acidosis
L - Edema, CNS disorders, metabolic alkalosis

Question 6

Ca+

Answer 6

Calcium
NR - 8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL
H - Respiratory acidosis, bacteremia, kidney or liver failure
L - Malabsorption, celiac disease, alkalosis

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

NR - 74 - 106 fasting

Critical levels are <40 or >450 mg/dL

Question 8

Creatinine

Answer 8

NR - 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL
H - Dehydration, kidney disease, shock, rhabdo
L - Muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis

Question 9

Bicarbonate

Answer 9

NR - 22 - 29 mEq/L
H - COPD, pulmonary edema, heart disease
L - Hyperventilation, liver disease, kidney disease, heart attack, malnutrition

Question 10

Blood Urea Nitrogen

Answer 10

NR - 10 - 20 mg/dL
H - Heart attack, kidney disease, shock
L - Liver failure, malnutrition, overhydration

Question 11

Platelets

Answer 11

NR - 150,000 - 400,000 platelets/microgram
H - Blood loss, trauma, surgery
L - Cancer treatment, viral infections

Question 12

Red Blood Cell count (RBC)

Answer 12

NR - Male: 4.7 - 6.1, Female: 4.2-5.4
H - Dehydration, smoking, alcoholism
L - Anemia (causes are things that cause anemia)

Question 13

Hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 13

NR - Male: 42% - 52%, Female: 37% - 47%
H - Dehydration, smoking, alcoholism
L - Anemia (causes are things that cause anemia)

Question 14

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 14

NR - Male: 14 - 18 g/dL, Female: 12 - 16 g/dL
H - Dehydration, smoking, alcoholism
L - Anemia (causes are things that cause anemia)

Question 15

CO2

Answer 15

Carbon Dioxide
NR - 23 - 30 mEq/L
H - Cushing’s, breathing disorders
L - kidney disease, acidosis, diarrhea

Question 16

Total Bilirubin

Answer 16

NR - 0.3 - 1.9 mg/dL

H - cirrhosis, hepatitis, gallstones

Question 17

Albumin

Answer 17

NR - 3.4 - 5.4 g/dL
H - dehydration, high protein diet
L - kidney disease, liver disease, celiac disease

Question 18

WBC

Answer 18

5,000 - 10,000

- Evaluation of infection, neoplasm, allergy, or immunosuppression

Question 19

Magnesium

Answer 19

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Question 20

PT/INR

Answer 20

11.0–12.5 seconds; 85%–100%
Full anticoagulant therapy: >1.5–2 times control value; 20%–30%
INR: 0.8–1.1

Critical Values: PT: > 20 seconds & INR: >5

Question 21

PTT

Answer 21

PTT: 60–70 seconds
Patients receiving anticoagulant therapy: 1.5–2.5 times control value in seconds

Critical Value: PTT: >100 seconds

Question 22

Lactate

Answer 22

Venous blood: 5–20 mg/dL or 0.6–2.2 mmol/L (SI units)
Arterial blood: 3–7 mg/dL or 0.3–0.8 mmol/L (SI units)
Critical Value >4 mmol/L (SI units)
Used to quantify the level of tissue hypoxia in shock/sepsis states