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Summatives > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase - Increased

A

Highest with biliary obstruction and infiltrative liver disease

Liver disease

Increased calcium deposition in bone (hyperparathyroidism)

Osteoblastic bone tumors/osteomalacia

Hyperthyroidism

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2
Q

Alkaline Phosphatase - Decreased

A

Malnutrition

Excess Vitamin D Ingestion

Pernicious anemia

Wilson’s Disease

Hypothyroidism

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3
Q

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) - Increased

A

Liver disease or metastasis

Biliary obstruction

Pancreatitis

Liver congestion - ALT > AST with viral hepatitis

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4
Q

Amylase - Increased

A

Acute pancreatitis or duct obstruction

Pancreatic pseudocyst or abscess

Mumps

Renal disease

Cholecystitis

Peptic ulcer disease

Intestinal obstruction

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5
Q

Amylase - Decreased

A

Pancreatic destruction

Liver damage - hepatitis, cirrhosis

Normally decreased in healthy infant during 1st year

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6
Q

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) - Increased

A

Acute MI

Liver disease

Muscle trauma & injection

Pancreatitis

Intestinal injury or surgery

Burns

Cardiac catheterization

Brain damage

Renal infarction

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7
Q

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) - Decreased

A

Beriberi - Vitamin B6 deficiency

DKA

Liver disease

Chronic hemodialysis

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8
Q

Albumin - Decreased

A

Malnutrition

Nephrotic syndrome

Multiple Myeloma

Hodgkin disease

Leukemia or Metastatic cancer

Chronic glomerulonepthritis

Alcoholic cirrhosis

IBD

Hyperthyroidism

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9
Q

Bilirubin - Increased Total

A

Hepatic damage

Biliary obstruction

Hemolysis

Fasting

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10
Q

Bilirubin - Increased Direct (conjugated)

A

Only have to determine w/ total levels <1.2 mg/dL

Biliary obstruction

Cholestasis

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11
Q

Bilirubin - Increased Indirect (Unconjugated)

A

Hemolytic jaundice from any hemolytic anemia

Gilbert Syndrome - liver doesn’t process bilirubin

Physiologic jaundice of the newborn

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12
Q

Bilirubin - Increased in the neonate

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Physiologic jaundice of the newborn

Hematoma/hemorrhage reabsorption

Obstructive jaundice

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13
Q

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) - Increased

A

Renal failure

Prerenal azotemia - Decreased perfusion secondary to CHF, shock, or volume depletion

Postrenal obstruction

GI bleeding

Stress

Drugs

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14
Q

BUN - Decreased

A

Starvation

Liver failure

Infancy

Nephrotic syndrome

Overhydration

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15
Q

Increased BUN/Creatinine Ratio

A

Prerenal azotemia

GI Bleed

High protein diet

Sepsis/hypermetabolic state

ileal conduit

Drugs

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16
Q

Decreased BUN/Creatinine Ratio

A

Malnutrition

Low-protein diet

Ketoacidosis

Hemodialysis

SIADH

Drugs

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17
Q

Increased Serum Calcium

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

PTH-secreting tumors

Vitamin D excess

Paget’s Disease

Osteoporosis

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18
Q

Decreased Serum Calcium

A

Hypoparathyroidism

Insufficient vitamin D

Calcium and phosphorus ingestion

Hypomagnesemia

Chronic renal failure

Acute pancreatitis

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19
Q

Increased Creatine Kinase

A

Muscle damage/trauma

Troponin is marker of choice for AMI

Pericarditis with myocarditis

Rhabdomyolysis

Crush injury

Malignant hyperthermia

20
Q

Increased Serum Creatinine

A

Renal failure

Gigantism

Acromegaly

Red meat ingestions

False positive in DKA

21
Q

Increased D-Dimer

A

DVT

PE

MI

CVA

Sickle cell crisis

Cancer

Renal failure

CHF

22
Q

Increased Ferritin

A

Iron excess

Porphyria

Sideroblastic anemia

Type 2 diabetes

Hyperthyroidism

23
Q

Decreased Ferritin

A

Iron deficiency - earliest and most sensitive test before rbc morphologic change

24
Q

Increased Glucose

A

Diabetes mellitus - 1&2

Cushings syndrome

Acromegaly

Pancreatitis - acute and chronic

25
Q

Decreased Glucose

A

Pancreatic disorders

Hepatic disease

Endocrine disease

Malnutrition

Sepsis

26
Q

Increased Iron

A

Hemochromatosis

Hemosiderosis with excessive iron intake

Excess destruction/decreased production erythrocytes

Liver necrosis

27
Q

Decreased Iron

A

Iron deficiency anemia

Nephrosis

Normochromic anemia of chronic disease and infections

28
Q

Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase

A

AMI

Prosthetic valve

Hepatitis/Liver disease

Pernicious/Megaloblastic anemia

PE

Hemodialysis

Renal infarction

29
Q

Increased Lactic Acid

A

Lactic acidosis due to hypoxia

Hemorrhage

Shock

Sepsis

Cirrhosis

Ethanol

DKA

30
Q

Increased Lipase

A

Acute/chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatic duct obstruction

Renal failure/Dialysis

Intestinal perforation

Diabetes (DKA)

31
Q

Increased Magnesium

A

Renal failure

Hypothyroidism

Addison’s disease

Diabetic coma

Severe dehydration

Lithium intoxication

32
Q

Decreased Magnesium

A

Malabsorption

Steatorrhea

Alcoholism/cirrhosis

Hyperthyroidism

Acute pancreatitis

33
Q

Increased B-Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

A

CHF/Left ventricular dysfunction

34
Q

Increased Serum Osmolality

A

Hyperglycemia

Ethanol/Methanol/Ethylene glycol

Mannitol

Increased sodium due to water loss

35
Q

Decreased Serum Osmolality

A

Low serum sodium

diuretics

Addison’s disease

SIADH

Iatrogenic

36
Q

Increased Phosphorus

A

Hypoparathyroidism

Excess vitamin D

Renal failure

Bone disease

Addison’s disease

37
Q

Decreased Phosphorus

A

Hyperparathyroidism

Alcoholism

Diabetes

Acidosis/Alkalosis

Salicylate poisoning

Diuretics

38
Q

Increased Potassium

A

Factitious increase

Renal failure

Addison’s disease

acidosis

ACEI

39
Q

Decreased Potassium

A

Diuretics

Vomiting

NG Suctioning

Diarrhea

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

40
Q

Increased Serum Protein

A

Multiple myeloma

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Lymphoma

Chronic inflammatory disease

Sarcoidosis

41
Q

Decreased Serum Protein

A

Malnutrition

IBD

Hodgkin disease

Leukemia

42
Q

Increased Uric Acid

A

Gout

Renal failure

Diuretics

Lactic acidosis

Hypothyroidism

Parathyroid disease

43
Q

Decreased Uric Acid

A

Uricosuric drugs

Wilson disease

Fanconi syndrome

44
Q

Increased Vitamin B12

A

Excessive intake

Myeloproliferative disorders

45
Q

Decreased Vitamin B12

A

Inadequate intake - strict vegetarianism

Malabsorption

Hyperthyroidism

Pregnancy

Summatives (3 decks)

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