Lab Values Flashcards
Alkaline Phosphatase - Increased
Highest with biliary obstruction and infiltrative liver disease
Liver disease
Increased calcium deposition in bone (hyperparathyroidism)
Osteoblastic bone tumors/osteomalacia
Hyperthyroidism
Alkaline Phosphatase - Decreased
Malnutrition
Excess Vitamin D Ingestion
Pernicious anemia
Wilson’s Disease
Hypothyroidism
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) - Increased
Liver disease or metastasis
Biliary obstruction
Pancreatitis
Liver congestion - ALT > AST with viral hepatitis
Amylase - Increased
Acute pancreatitis or duct obstruction
Pancreatic pseudocyst or abscess
Mumps
Renal disease
Cholecystitis
Peptic ulcer disease
Intestinal obstruction
Amylase - Decreased
Pancreatic destruction
Liver damage - hepatitis, cirrhosis
Normally decreased in healthy infant during 1st year
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) - Increased
Acute MI
Liver disease
Muscle trauma & injection
Pancreatitis
Intestinal injury or surgery
Burns
Cardiac catheterization
Brain damage
Renal infarction
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) - Decreased
Beriberi - Vitamin B6 deficiency
DKA
Liver disease
Chronic hemodialysis
Albumin - Decreased
Malnutrition
Nephrotic syndrome
Multiple Myeloma
Hodgkin disease
Leukemia or Metastatic cancer
Chronic glomerulonepthritis
Alcoholic cirrhosis
IBD
Hyperthyroidism
Bilirubin - Increased Total
Hepatic damage
Biliary obstruction
Hemolysis
Fasting
Bilirubin - Increased Direct (conjugated)
Only have to determine w/ total levels <1.2 mg/dL
Biliary obstruction
Cholestasis
Bilirubin - Increased Indirect (Unconjugated)
Hemolytic jaundice from any hemolytic anemia
Gilbert Syndrome - liver doesn’t process bilirubin
Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
Bilirubin - Increased in the neonate
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
Hematoma/hemorrhage reabsorption
Obstructive jaundice
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) - Increased
Renal failure
Prerenal azotemia - Decreased perfusion secondary to CHF, shock, or volume depletion
Postrenal obstruction
GI bleeding
Stress
Drugs
BUN - Decreased
Starvation
Liver failure
Infancy
Nephrotic syndrome
Overhydration
Increased BUN/Creatinine Ratio
Prerenal azotemia
GI Bleed
High protein diet
Sepsis/hypermetabolic state
ileal conduit
Drugs
Decreased BUN/Creatinine Ratio
Malnutrition
Low-protein diet
Ketoacidosis
Hemodialysis
SIADH
Drugs
Increased Serum Calcium
Primary hyperparathyroidism
PTH-secreting tumors
Vitamin D excess
Paget’s Disease
Osteoporosis
Decreased Serum Calcium
Hypoparathyroidism
Insufficient vitamin D
Calcium and phosphorus ingestion
Hypomagnesemia
Chronic renal failure
Acute pancreatitis
Increased Creatine Kinase
Muscle damage/trauma
Troponin is marker of choice for AMI
Pericarditis with myocarditis
Rhabdomyolysis
Crush injury
Malignant hyperthermia
Increased Serum Creatinine
Renal failure
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Red meat ingestions
False positive in DKA
Increased D-Dimer
DVT
PE
MI
CVA
Sickle cell crisis
Cancer
Renal failure
CHF
Increased Ferritin
Iron excess
Porphyria
Sideroblastic anemia
Type 2 diabetes
Hyperthyroidism
Decreased Ferritin
Iron deficiency - earliest and most sensitive test before rbc morphologic change
Increased Glucose
Diabetes mellitus - 1&2
Cushings syndrome
Acromegaly
Pancreatitis - acute and chronic
Decreased Glucose
Pancreatic disorders
Hepatic disease
Endocrine disease
Malnutrition
Sepsis
Increased Iron
Hemochromatosis
Hemosiderosis with excessive iron intake
Excess destruction/decreased production erythrocytes
Liver necrosis
Decreased Iron
Iron deficiency anemia
Nephrosis
Normochromic anemia of chronic disease and infections
Increased Lactate Dehydrogenase
AMI
Prosthetic valve
Hepatitis/Liver disease
Pernicious/Megaloblastic anemia
PE
Hemodialysis
Renal infarction
Increased Lactic Acid
Lactic acidosis due to hypoxia
Hemorrhage
Shock
Sepsis
Cirrhosis
Ethanol
DKA
Increased Lipase
Acute/chronic pancreatitis
Pancreatic duct obstruction
Renal failure/Dialysis
Intestinal perforation
Diabetes (DKA)
Increased Magnesium
Renal failure
Hypothyroidism
Addison’s disease
Diabetic coma
Severe dehydration
Lithium intoxication
Decreased Magnesium
Malabsorption
Steatorrhea
Alcoholism/cirrhosis
Hyperthyroidism
Acute pancreatitis
Increased B-Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
CHF/Left ventricular dysfunction
Increased Serum Osmolality
Hyperglycemia
Ethanol/Methanol/Ethylene glycol
Mannitol
Increased sodium due to water loss
Decreased Serum Osmolality
Low serum sodium
diuretics
Addison’s disease
SIADH
Iatrogenic
Increased Phosphorus
Hypoparathyroidism
Excess vitamin D
Renal failure
Bone disease
Addison’s disease
Decreased Phosphorus
Hyperparathyroidism
Alcoholism
Diabetes
Acidosis/Alkalosis
Salicylate poisoning
Diuretics
Increased Potassium
Factitious increase
Renal failure
Addison’s disease
acidosis
ACEI
Decreased Potassium
Diuretics
Vomiting
NG Suctioning
Diarrhea
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Increased Serum Protein
Multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Lymphoma
Chronic inflammatory disease
Sarcoidosis
Decreased Serum Protein
Malnutrition
IBD
Hodgkin disease
Leukemia
Increased Uric Acid
Gout
Renal failure
Diuretics
Lactic acidosis
Hypothyroidism
Parathyroid disease
Decreased Uric Acid
Uricosuric drugs
Wilson disease
Fanconi syndrome
Increased Vitamin B12
Excessive intake
Myeloproliferative disorders
Decreased Vitamin B12
Inadequate intake - strict vegetarianism
Malabsorption
Hyperthyroidism
Pregnancy
