Heart Sounds Flashcards
Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur with radiation to carotid arteries
Aortic Stenosis
Best heard at 2nd intercostal space
Aortic Stenosis (AS)
A2 decreased
Ejection click and S4 heard at apex
Paradoxical S2 split
Narrow pulse pressure, delayed cardiac upstroke, LVH with lift at apex
Diastolic decrescendo murmur
Heard best at left lower sternal border 3rd and 4th interspace
Aortic Insufficiency (AI)
Aortic Insufficiency (AI)
Often w/ LVH, widened pulse pressure
S3 and pulsus alternans present w/ acute AI
Traube sign, Quincke sign, Corrigan pulse
Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur
Louder with inspiration
Pulmonic stenosis (PS)
Click often present
Pulmonic Stenosis (PS)
Heard best at left 2nd intercostal space
P2 delayed and soft if severe
Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) with parasternal lift
Diastolic decrescendo murmur
Left 2nd intercostal space
Pulmonic Insufficiency (PI)
Pulmonic Insufficiency (PI)
Louder with inspiration
RVH usually present
Diastolic Murmur
Opening snap best heard at apex
Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Localized at the apex
Mitral Stenosis (MS)
Increased P2
Right-sided S4
Left-sided S3 often present
RVH with parasternal lift may be present
Holosystolic murmur with radiation to the axilla
Mitral Insufficiency (MI)
Mitral Insufficiency (MI)
Heard best at apex
Soft S1, possibly masked by murmur
S3
LVH
Midsystolic click suggests mitral valve prolapse
Holosystolic murmur
Increases with inspiration
Tricuspid Insufficiency (TI)
Heard best at left lower sternal border
Tricuspid Insufficiency (TI)
Right-sided S3
Large V wave in jugular venous pulsations
Systolic murmur
Fixed splitting of S2 and RVH
Often with left and right sided S4
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Heard best at left upper sternal border
Harsh Holosystolic murmur
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Heard best at left lower sternal border
S1 and S2 may be soft
Continuous machinery murmur
Increased P2 and ejection click
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Heard best at left 1st and 2nd intercostal space
Increased P2 and ejection click may be present
Early diastolic sound caused by rapid ventricular filling
S3
Left side heard at apex
Right side heard at left lower sternal border
S3 usually found with:
Young people
Pregnancy
Thyrotoxicosis
Mitral regurgitation
Congestive heart failure
Late diastolic sound caused by a noncompliant ventricle
S4
Left side heard at apex
Right side heard at left lower sternal border
S4 found with - both right and left side:
Right side
- pulmonic stenosis
- pulmonary hypertension
Left side
- HTN
- aortic stenosis
- myocardial infarct
