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HemOnc > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things need to be on a lab order?

A
  1. Name
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Time (Stat, Fasting v. Not, ect.)
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2
Q

What lab value is taken at 8AM?

A

Cortisol

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3
Q

What needs to be considered in collection of sample?

A
  1. Needle gauge (20)
  2. Correct tubes based on color (different things in tubes like anti-coags, ect.)
  3. Temperature
  4. Light sensitive sample
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4
Q

What are the 4 types of blood tests?

A
  1. Cellular components
  2. Chemistry components
  3. Qualitative (are you preggers)
  4. Quantitative (shit, how far along)
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5
Q

What is in the buffy coat?

A

Leukocytes and platelets

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6
Q

What is the liquid component in which blood cells are suspended?

A

Plasma (55% total volume)

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7
Q

What is plasma mostly made of?

A

Water

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8
Q

That is eq. for plasma?

A

Plasma = Whole blood - (RBC + WBC + Platelets)

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9
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma minus fibrinogen and other clotting factors

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10
Q

Equation for serum?

A

Whole blood - (RBC + WBC + Platelets + Fibrinogen + Prothrombin

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11
Q

When do you order a test?

A

Only if it assist in diagnosing

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12
Q

What are 2 things considered in test results?

A
  1. Reference range: Alk phos is higher in kids, lipids in m/w
  2. Certain states… like fasting
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13
Q

What are the 4 panels discussed?

A
  1. Electrolyte
  2. CMP
  3. BMP
  4. HFP
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14
Q

Where is most of K?

A

Intracellular

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15
Q

What fluctiaions will show symptoms and be clinically significant?

A

0.2-0.3

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16
Q

What can commonly make K goofy?

A

Diet, meds, or traumatic draw (release K when damage cells poking the damn needle around)

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17
Q

What do BUN/Creatinine measure?

A

Kidney function (both filtered by glomerulus)

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18
Q

What is reabsorbed by the tubules and can be regulated?

A

UREA

-Creatine reabsorption remains the same

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19
Q

If BUN:Cr is over 20?

A

Pre-renal due to decreased blood flow to kidney

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20
Q

If BUN:CR of less than 10:1?

A

Post-renal: Obstruction

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21
Q

Where is it best to get CO2 and what does it measure?

A

Acid-base from arterial blood

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22
Q

What should fasting glucose be?

A

60-100

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23
Q

What can increase glucose?

A

Stress, meds (prednisone)

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24
Q

When do you use the formula to correct Ca?

A

WHen albumin is under 4

-1/2 Ca is free and 1/2 is protein bound

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25
Q

What is formula for corrected Ca?

A

0.8 (normal albumin-patient albumin) + serum Ca

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26
Q

Where is albumin synthesized?

A

Liver

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27
Q

With chronic illness how does albumin and globulin change?

A

Albumin decreases

Globulin increases

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28
Q

Where is alkaline phosphatase found (enzyme)?

A

Liver, placenta, bone

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29
Q

What do you use to see what organ is making extra alk phos?

A

GGTP (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase)
-If this is high, then probs liver, if not then bone

-And obviously if preggers, placenta

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30
Q

If total bilirubin is high, what do you need?

A

Indirect and direct

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31
Q

What can increase conjugated or direct bilirubin?

A

Alcohol, gallstones, obstructive problem, liver problem

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32
Q

What can increase unconjugated bilirubin?

A

Neonatal

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33
Q

What measures the amount of glucose attached to RBCs by chromatography and is a measure of average glucose over previous 90 days?

A

Hemoglobin A1C

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34
Q

What is a normal A1C? What do we want A1C in diabetics?

A

under 6.5, under 7

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35
Q

What are some lipids measured?

A

Total cholesterol (under 200), HDL (higher better), Cholesterol/HDL, LDL, Triglycerides (under 150)

-LDL, ect. really depends on other co-morbid conditions going on

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36
Q

What is used to see if someone is having a heart attack?

A

Troponin I/T- involved in contraction, cardiac sensitive

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37
Q

Myoglobin, sensitivity and specificty compared to CPK, when does it rise?

A

Mre specific and less sensitive than CPK

rises QUICKLY

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38
Q

What are the 3 isoenzymes of CPK?

A

MM, MB, BB

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39
Q

If you are screening for thyroid issue, what do you order?

A

TSH

40
Q

High TSH?

A

Underactive thyroid

41
Q

Low TSH?

A

Overactive thryoid

42
Q

Where is TSH made and what can it differentiate?

A

Pituitary, primary v. secondary hypothyroidism

43
Q

What is a better test than total T4 because you can rule out abnormality in binding globulins are part of the abn?

A

Free T4

44
Q

Low Free T4?

A

True underactive thyroid

45
Q

High free T4?

A

True overactive thyroid

46
Q

When do you use total T3?

A

Suspected hyperthyroidism

-Highly metabolically active but it varies

47
Q

What is ordered to monitor hyperthyroidism?

A

Free T3

48
Q

What types of drugs do we monitory?

A

Narrow therapeutic window

  1. Digoxin
  2. Phenytoin
  3. Lithium
  4. Vancomycin
49
Q

When are tumor markers used?

A

TO follow patients previously diagnosed to see their progress… they aren’t suepr specific

50
Q

AFP?

A

Hepatoma, germ cell, neoplasms

51
Q

CEA?

A

Colon, breast, others

52
Q

CA125?

A

Ovarian

53
Q

PSA?

A

Prostate

54
Q

What are the calculated values in a CBC?

A

MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW

55
Q

What does a CBC with diff include?

A

Number of different white cells

56
Q

When are neutrophils elevated?

A

Bacterial infections

57
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Digest bacteria

58
Q

What are bands?

A

Immatrue neutrophils

59
Q

What does it mean if you see left shift or bandemia?

A

Trying to make neutrophils to fight infection or a myeloproliferative disorder

60
Q

High eosiniphils?

A

Allergies or parasite

61
Q

Lymphocytes up or down?

A

VIRAL

62
Q

RBC?

A

Number ciruculating in peripheral blood - 90-120 day survival

63
Q

HGB?

A

O2 carrying capacity of blood (heme and globulin)

64
Q

HCT?

A

% volume made by RBC

65
Q

MCV?

A

Hct/RBC

66
Q

MCH?

A

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin

67
Q

MCHC?

A

(MCH concentration)- Concentration

68
Q

RDW?

A

Average size of RBC

69
Q

Anisocytosis?

A

SIZE difference

70
Q

Poikilocytosis?

A

SHAPE difference

71
Q

Macrocytosis?

A

BIG

72
Q

Microcytosis?

A

SMAL

73
Q

Hypochromic?

A

PALE

74
Q

Hyperchromic?

A

DARK

75
Q

WHat is number 1 cause anemia in young women?

A

Iron deficiency

76
Q

Ferritin?

A

Binds iron for storage

77
Q

Folate?

A

B vitamin needed for RBC to function

78
Q

B12?

A

Neede to metabolize folic acid (Injections for supplement)

79
Q

TIBC?

A

Protein available to bind free iron

80
Q

Transferrin saturation?

A

(Serum iron * 100%)/ TIBC

81
Q

Retic count?

A

Immature RBC- MEasure of erythropoeitc activity of BM

82
Q

3 Coags?

A

PTT, PT, INR

83
Q

PTT

A

Intrinsic- Heparin

84
Q

PT

A

Extrinsic- Common

85
Q

INR?

A

Warfarin

86
Q

What’s + on dipstick of someone with UTI?

A

Leuks, Nitires, Blood

87
Q

If you are healthy with no other issues how many organisms for a + urine culutre?

A

100,000

88
Q

With a + test and sensitivites?

A

3-8 antibiotics and given MICs

89
Q

What can you culture?

A

ANYTHING- Culture based on what you think is causing issue

90
Q

What does stool culture look for?

A

Bacteria

91
Q

What does O & P look look for?

A

Identify actual parasite or egg

92
Q

When do you see leukocytes in poop?

A

Bacterial infection

93
Q

What causes nasty smelly mucoidy diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis?

A

C. Diff

94
Q

What can cause contaigous diarrhea of inhants and small children?

A

Rotavirus antigen

95
Q

What looks for malabsorption?

A

Fecal fat

HemOnc (8 decks)

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