Lab values Flashcards
Sodium norm
135-145
what are signs of hypernatremia?
Edema**
Flushed “rosy” skin
increased muscle tone**
swollen dry tongue
N/V**
what are signs of hyponatremia?
- everything is low and slow -
headache/cerebral edema**
mental status changes
seizures and comas
fatigue and muscle cramps
respiratory arrest
Potassium norm
3.5-5
Chloride norm
97-107
Magnesium norm
1.3-2.1
Calcium norm
9.0-10.5
Phosphate norm
3-4.5
What are signs of hypercalcemia?
kidney stones
constipation
bone pain
severe muscle weakness/lethargy
What are signs of hypocalcemia?
**Trousseau’s sign: twerking arm when bp cuff on
**Chvostek’s sign: cheeky smile when stroking face
Diarrhea
Weak bones/blood clotting/beats
What does magnesium do
“Mellows the muscles”
What are signs of hypermagnesemia?
heart block
hypertension
bradycardia
**hyporeflexia: decreased deep tendon reflexes
depressed respirations
hypoactive bowel sounds
What are signs of hypomagnesemia?
**Torsades de Pointes & Vfib
Hyperreflexia: increased DTR
Diarrhea
Hyperactive bowel sounds
What does calcium do
“Keeps the 3 Bs strong”
Bones
Blood (clotting)
Beats (heart)
(inverse relationship with phosphate)
what do sodium and chloride do
maintain BP, blood volume, pH balance
what does potassium do
pumps the heart
what are signs of hyperkalemia?
**peaked t waves and ST elevation
**severe VFib and cardiac arrest
hypotension/bradycardia
**Increased DTR
paralysis and parenthesis (tingling)
**muscle weakness
diarrhea
hyperactive bowel sounds
what are signs of hypokalemia
flat t waves, ST depression and U wave
**shallow respirations (!!)
**decreased DTR
muscle cramping and flaccid paralysis
constipation
hypoactive bowel sounds
paralytic ileus
