Lab values Flashcards
Sodium norm
135-145
what are signs of hypernatremia?
Edema**
Flushed “rosy” skin
increased muscle tone**
swollen dry tongue
N/V**
what are signs of hyponatremia?
- everything is low and slow -
headache/cerebral edema**
mental status changes
seizures and comas
fatigue and muscle cramps
respiratory arrest
Potassium norm
3.5-5
Chloride norm
97-107
Magnesium norm
1.3-2.1
Calcium norm
9.0-10.5
Phosphate norm
3-4.5
What are signs of hypercalcemia?
kidney stones
constipation
bone pain
severe muscle weakness/lethargy
What are signs of hypocalcemia?
**Trousseau’s sign: twerking arm when bp cuff on
**Chvostek’s sign: cheeky smile when stroking face
Diarrhea
Weak bones/blood clotting/beats
What does magnesium do
“Mellows the muscles”
What are signs of hypermagnesemia?
heart block
hypertension
bradycardia
**hyporeflexia: decreased deep tendon reflexes
depressed respirations
hypoactive bowel sounds
What are signs of hypomagnesemia?
**Torsades de Pointes & Vfib
Hyperreflexia: increased DTR
Diarrhea
Hyperactive bowel sounds
What does calcium do
“Keeps the 3 Bs strong”
Bones
Blood (clotting)
Beats (heart)
(inverse relationship with phosphate)
what do sodium and chloride do
maintain BP, blood volume, pH balance
