lab values

Question 1

what are labs ordered for? [3]

Answer 1

~screening
~diagnosis
~monitoring

Question 2

What are the factors affecting lab values? [5]

Answer 2

~age
~gender
~race
~pregnancy
~food ingestion

Question 3

what is a CBC?

Answer 3

Complete Blood Count

Question 4

What can a CBC tell us? [3]

Answer 4

~infection
~bleeding
~weakness

Question 5

What is a RBC count?

Answer 5

the number of circulating RBC’s in 1mm3 of blood

Question 6

What is a Hgb or Hb test?

Answer 6

measurement of total amount og hemoglobin in blood

Question 7

What does hemoglobin do?

Question 8

what is a Hct test?

Answer 8

indirect measurement of RBC number and volume

Question 9

what is anemia?

Answer 9

decreased number of RBCs

Question 10

What is anemia caused by? [4]

Answer 10

~impaired RBC production
~blood loss
~RBC destruction
~combination of all 3

Question 11

What is a platelet count?

Answer 11

actual count of the number of platelets per mm3 of blood

Question 12

thrombocytosis

Answer 12

high platelet count

Question 13

platelet count of >1 million =

Answer 13

risk of clotting

Question 14

platelet count of >600,000=

Answer 14

potential for problems

Question 15

thrombocytopenia

Answer 15

low platelet count

Question 16

platelet below 50,000=

Answer 16

significant bleeding

Question 17

what is a normal platelet count range?

Answer 17

100,000-150,000

Question 18

what is a white cell differential count?

Answer 18

percentage of each type of leukocyte present in the specimen

Question 19

leukocytosis

Answer 19

high WBC

Question 20

leukopenia

Answer 20

low WBC

Question 21

lymphocytosis

Answer 21

form of actual or relative leukocytosis due to increase in number of lymphocytes

Question 22

left shift

Answer 22

increase in the number of immature neutrophils found in the blood

Question 23

What is a CMP?

Answer 23

comprehensive metabolic panel

Question 24

When are WBC elevated?

Answer 24

infection or inflammation

Question 25

What does a basic metabolic panel look at? [4]

Answer 25

~kidney function ~blood glucose ~acid/base balance ~electrolyte imbalance

Question 26

what does a comprehensive metabolic panel look at in addition to a BMP? [2]

Answer 26

~blood proteins ~liver function

Question 27

Hyperglycemia

Answer 27

high blood glucose level

Question 28

Hypoglycemia

Answer 28

low blood glucose level

Question 29

What is a A1c test?

Answer 29

blood test used to monitor diabetes and the treatment, tells the average blood glucose level over last 3 months

Question 30

What is the major cation in the extracellular space?

Answer 30

sodium

Question 31

hypernatremia

Answer 31

high sodium level

Question 32

hyponatremia

Answer 32

low sodium level

Question 33

What is the major cation within a cell?

Answer 33

Potassium

Question 34

hyperkalemia

Answer 34

high level of potassium

Question 35

hypokalemia

Answer 35

low level of potassium

Question 36

Potassium is important to ________ function

Answer 36

cardiac

Question 37

What is the major extracellular anion?

Answer 37

Chloride

Question 38

Chloride transport is _______ and usually follows ________

Answer 38

passive, sodium

Question 39

hyperchloremia

Answer 39

high chloride level

Question 40

hypochloremia

Answer 40

low chloride level

Question 41

what is bicarbonate regulated by?

Answer 41

the kidneys

Question 42

what is bicarbonate used for?

Answer 42

evaluate pH status and electrolytes

Question 43

What does calcium level evaluate?

Answer 43

parathyroid function and calcium metabolism

Question 44

hypercalcemia

Answer 44

high calcium level

Question 45

hypocalcemia

Answer 45

low calcium level

Question 46

what does phosphorus assist in?

Answer 46

Interpretation of parathyroid and calcium abnormalities

Question 47

hyperphosphatemia

Answer 47

high phosphorus level

Question 48

hypophosphatemia

Answer 48

low level of phosphorus

Question 49

where is magnesium found?

Answer 49

intracellularly; around half is in the bone

Question 50

what does a total protein count consist of? [3]

Answer 50

~pre-albumin ~albumin ~globulins

Question 51

What is a protein formed and synthesized within the liver?

Answer 51

albumin

Question 52

Albumin comprises ___% of total protein in blood

Answer 52

60

Question 53

what does albumin do? [2]

Answer 53

~regulates osmotic pressure ~transport blood, hormones, enzymes, and drugs

Question 54

What test do you do to detect and monitor disease in the liver and bone?

Answer 54

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 55

What test do you do to detect and monitor hepatocellular disease in the liver?

Answer 55

alanine aminotransferase

Question 56

What causes the release of ALT into the bloodstream?

Answer 56

injury or disease affecting the liver parenchyma

Question 57

What test is used for evaluation of patients with suspected hepatocellular diseases?

Answer 57

aspartate aminotransferase

Question 58

What does bilirubin evaluate?

Answer 58

liver function

Question 59

conjugated bilirubin

Answer 59

level of direct bilirubin in blood

Question 60

unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 60

level of indirect bilirubin in blood

Question 61

What does the BUN test show?

Answer 61

kidney and liver function

Question 62

what is a direct measurement of renal function?

Answer 62

creatine

Question 63

amylase

Answer 63

Pancreatic test helpful in evaluation of abdominal pain

Question 64

enzyme secreted by pancreas into small intestines that helps break down triglycerides into fatty acid

Answer 64

lipase