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CSON IM2 > lab values > Flashcards

lab values Flashcards

1
Q

what are labs ordered for? [3]

A

~screening
~diagnosis
~monitoring

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2
Q

What are the factors affecting lab values? [5]

A

~age
~gender
~race
~pregnancy
~food ingestion

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3
Q

what is a CBC?

A

Complete Blood Count

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4
Q

What can a CBC tell us? [3]

A

~infection
~bleeding
~weakness

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5
Q

What is a RBC count?

A

the number of circulating RBC’s in 1mm3 of blood

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6
Q

What is a Hgb or Hb test?

A

measurement of total amount og hemoglobin in blood

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7
Q

What does hemoglobin do?

A
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8
Q

what is a Hct test?

A

indirect measurement of RBC number and volume

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9
Q

what is anemia?

A

decreased number of RBCs

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10
Q

What is anemia caused by? [4]

A

~impaired RBC production
~blood loss
~RBC destruction
~combination of all 3

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11
Q

What is a platelet count?

A

actual count of the number of platelets per mm3 of blood

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12
Q

thrombocytosis

A

high platelet count

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13
Q

platelet count of >1 million =

A

risk of clotting

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14
Q

platelet count of >600,000=

A

potential for problems

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15
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

low platelet count

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16
Q

platelet below 50,000=

A

significant bleeding

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17
Q

what is a normal platelet count range?

A

100,000-150,000

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18
Q

what is a white cell differential count?

A

percentage of each type of leukocyte present in the specimen

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19
Q

leukocytosis

A

high WBC

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20
Q

leukopenia

A

low WBC

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21
Q

lymphocytosis

A

form of actual or relative leukocytosis due to increase in number of lymphocytes

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22
Q

left shift

A

increase in the number of immature neutrophils found in the blood

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23
Q

What is a CMP?

A

comprehensive metabolic panel

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24
Q

When are WBC elevated?

A

infection or inflammation

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25
Q

What does a basic metabolic panel look at? [4]

A

~kidney function
~blood glucose
~acid/base balance
~electrolyte imbalance

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26
Q

what does a comprehensive metabolic panel look at in addition to a BMP? [2]

A

~blood proteins
~liver function

27
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

high blood glucose level

28
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

low blood glucose level

29
Q

What is a A1c test?

A

blood test used to monitor diabetes and the treatment, tells the average blood glucose level over last 3 months

30
Q

What is the major cation in the extracellular space?

A

sodium

31
Q

hypernatremia

A

high sodium level

32
Q

hyponatremia

A

low sodium level

33
Q

What is the major cation within a cell?

A

Potassium

34
Q

hyperkalemia

A

high level of potassium

35
Q

hypokalemia

A

low level of potassium

36
Q

Potassium is important to ________ function

A

cardiac

37
Q

What is the major extracellular anion?

A

Chloride

38
Q

Chloride transport is _______ and usually follows ________

A

passive, sodium

39
Q

hyperchloremia

A

high chloride level

40
Q

hypochloremia

A

low chloride level

41
Q

what is bicarbonate regulated by?

A

the kidneys

42
Q

what is bicarbonate used for?

A

evaluate pH status and electrolytes

43
Q

What does calcium level evaluate?

A

parathyroid function and calcium metabolism

44
Q

hypercalcemia

A

high calcium level

45
Q

hypocalcemia

A

low calcium level

46
Q

what does phosphorus assist in?

A

Interpretation of parathyroid and calcium abnormalities

47
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

high phosphorus level

48
Q

hypophosphatemia

A

low level of phosphorus

49
Q

where is magnesium found?

A

intracellularly; around half is in the bone

50
Q

what does a total protein count consist of? [3]

A

~pre-albumin
~albumin
~globulins

51
Q

What is a protein formed and synthesized within the liver?

A

albumin

52
Q

Albumin comprises ___% of total protein in blood

A

60

53
Q

what does albumin do? [2]

A

~regulates osmotic pressure
~transport blood, hormones, enzymes, and drugs

54
Q

What test do you do to detect and monitor disease in the liver and bone?

A

Alkaline phosphatase

55
Q

What test do you do to detect and monitor hepatocellular disease in the liver?

A

alanine aminotransferase

56
Q

What causes the release of ALT into the bloodstream?

A

injury or disease affecting the liver parenchyma

57
Q

What test is used for evaluation of patients with suspected hepatocellular diseases?

A

aspartate aminotransferase

58
Q

What does bilirubin evaluate?

A

liver function

59
Q

conjugated bilirubin

A

level of direct bilirubin in blood

60
Q

unconjugated bilirubin

A

level of indirect bilirubin in blood

61
Q

What does the BUN test show?

A

kidney and liver function

62
Q

what is a direct measurement of renal function?

A

creatine

63
Q

amylase

A

Pancreatic test helpful in evaluation of abdominal pain

64
Q

enzyme secreted by pancreas into small intestines that helps break down triglycerides into fatty acid

A

lipase

CSON IM2 (7 decks)

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