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CSON IM2 > exam 5 (fluid and electrolytes) > Flashcards

exam 5 (fluid and electrolytes) Flashcards

1
Q

ICF is the fluid-

A

inside the cells

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2
Q

ECF is the fluid-

A

outside of the cells

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3
Q

the two types of ECF fluid are-

A

-interstitial fluid
-intravascular fluid

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4
Q

what do the kidneys do?

A

adjust urine volume and axcrete electrolytes

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5
Q

what does anti-diuretic hormone do?

A

control water retention

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6
Q

What is the medicine form of ADH?

A

vasopressin

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7
Q

where is aldosterone released from?

A

adrenal glands

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8
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

regulates Na+ and water

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9
Q

aldosterone causes kidneys to-

A

retain Na+ and water

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10
Q

aldosterone causes kidneys to excrete-

A

K+

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11
Q

What does the RAAS do?

A

increase blood pressure

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12
Q

what are cations?

A

positive charged ions

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13
Q

What are the four main cations?

A

-Na+
-K+
-Ca+
-Mg+

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14
Q

what are anions?

A

negative charged ions

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15
Q

what are the three main anions?

A

-Cl-
-P-
-HCO3

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16
Q

what are four ways depletion of electrolytes occurs?

A

-vomiting
-urination
-bowel movements
-sweating

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17
Q

Where fluids flow-

A

electrolytes go

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18
Q

Normal Mg+ levels

A

1.5-2.5

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19
Q

Normal P- levels

A

2.4-4.5

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20
Q

normal K+ levels

A

3.5-5

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21
Q

normal Ca+ levels

A

8.5-10.5

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22
Q

normal Cl- levels

A

95-105

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23
Q

normal Na+ levels

A

135-145

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24
Q

what is the major electrolyte in ECF

A

Sodium

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25
What should you think about with sodium?
brain, neuro assessment
26
what is sodium regulated by?
ADH, aldosterone, Na+ K+ pump
27
what is SIADH?
impaired secretion of ADH causing impaired water excretion, high ADH
28
What do hypotonic fluids do to cells
make them swell by shifting fluid into the cells
29
What does SIADH and hypotonic fluids cause
hyponatremia
30
euvolemic
low sodium with the ECF volume normal
31
hypovolemic
sodium loss with ECF volume depletion
32
hypervolemic
sodium loss with increased ECF volume
33
how does hyponatremia present
seizures, lethargy, altered LOC, headache
34
How do fix hyponatremia
replace sodium slowly to avoid fluid overload
35
when do you use 3% NS
only with severe hypovolemia
36
how do you fix hypervolemia
osmotic diuretics
37
what do osmotic diuretics do
pull water out of the cells, but not sodium
38
what does hypertonic solutions do?
pulls fluids out of the cells
39
what is considered severe hyponatremia?
less than 120
40
corticosteroids cause the kidneys to retain -
sodium
41
hyperaldosteronism
high sodium and water retention
42
what causes hypernatremia?
-corticosteriods -cushings -kidney disease -increased water loss
43
what IV solutions do you use for hypernatremia?
.5 NS and D5W
44
how does hypernatremia present
confusion, swollen red tongue, muscle twitching, thirst
45
what is diabetes insipidus
an ADH deficiency
46
Major electrolyte in the ICF
potassium
47
What is the king of hearts
potassium
48
what is the main source of potassium
diet
49
what causes hypokalemia
diuretics, corticosteriods, secretion of aldosterone
50
whats the number one cause of hypokalemia
diuretics
51
K+ metabolic alkalosis
H+ moves out of cell and K+ moves into cell
52
patient presentation with hypokalemia
torsades de pointes, low HR, muscle weakness, constipation
53
what is torsades de pointes
Irregular apical heart rate
54
what does a long QT interval mean
heart is taking longer to electrically charge for the next heartbeat
55
hypokalemia interventions
administer K+ slowly, switch to a K+ sparing diuretic
56
what is the #1 cause of hyperkalemia
renal failure
57
potassium metabolic acidosis
too much H= in the cells forcing K= out of the cell
58
hyperkalemia patient presentation
dysrythmias, diarrhea, muscle weakness
59
peaked narrow wave is in-
EKG in hyperkalemia
60
how to fix mild hyperkalemia
diuretics, stop hypotonic fluids, restict K+ diet
61
how to fix severe hyperkalemia
calcium gluconate, insulin, NaHCO3

CSON IM2 (7 decks)

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