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CSON IM2 > exam 5 (fluid and electrolytes) > Flashcards

exam 5 (fluid and electrolytes) Flashcards

1
Q

ICF is the fluid-

A

inside the cells

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2
Q

ECF is the fluid-

A

outside of the cells

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3
Q

the two types of ECF fluid are-

A

-interstitial fluid
-intravascular fluid

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4
Q

what do the kidneys do?

A

adjust urine volume and axcrete electrolytes

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5
Q

what does anti-diuretic hormone do?

A

control water retention

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6
Q

What is the medicine form of ADH?

A

vasopressin

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7
Q

where is aldosterone released from?

A

adrenal glands

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8
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

regulates Na+ and water

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9
Q

aldosterone causes kidneys to-

A

retain Na+ and water

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10
Q

aldosterone causes kidneys to excrete-

A

K+

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11
Q

What does the RAAS do?

A

increase blood pressure

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12
Q

what are cations?

A

positive charged ions

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13
Q

What are the four main cations?

A

-Na+
-K+
-Ca+
-Mg+

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14
Q

what are anions?

A

negative charged ions

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15
Q

what are the three main anions?

A

-Cl-
-P-
-HCO3

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16
Q

what are four ways depletion of electrolytes occurs?

A

-vomiting
-urination
-bowel movements
-sweating

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17
Q

Where fluids flow-

A

electrolytes go

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18
Q

Normal Mg+ levels

A

1.5-2.5

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19
Q

Normal P- levels

A

2.4-4.5

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20
Q

normal K+ levels

A

3.5-5

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21
Q

normal Ca+ levels

A

8.5-10.5

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22
Q

normal Cl- levels

A

95-105

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23
Q

normal Na+ levels

A

135-145

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24
Q

what is the major electrolyte in ECF

A

Sodium

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25
Q

What should you think about with sodium?

A

brain, neuro assessment

26
Q

what is sodium regulated by?

A

ADH, aldosterone, Na+ K+ pump

27
Q

what is SIADH?

A

impaired secretion of ADH causing impaired water excretion, high ADH

28
Q

What do hypotonic fluids do to cells

A

make them swell by shifting fluid into the cells

29
Q

What does SIADH and hypotonic fluids cause

A

hyponatremia

30
Q

euvolemic

A

low sodium with the ECF volume normal

31
Q

hypovolemic

A

sodium loss with ECF volume depletion

32
Q

hypervolemic

A

sodium loss with increased ECF volume

33
Q

how does hyponatremia present

A

seizures, lethargy, altered LOC, headache

34
Q

How do fix hyponatremia

A

replace sodium slowly to avoid fluid overload

35
Q

when do you use 3% NS

A

only with severe hypovolemia

36
Q

how do you fix hypervolemia

A

osmotic diuretics

37
Q

what do osmotic diuretics do

A

pull water out of the cells, but not sodium

38
Q

what does hypertonic solutions do?

A

pulls fluids out of the cells

39
Q

what is considered severe hyponatremia?

A

less than 120

40
Q

corticosteroids cause the kidneys to retain -

A

sodium

41
Q

hyperaldosteronism

A

high sodium and water retention

42
Q

what causes hypernatremia?

A

-corticosteriods
-cushings
-kidney disease
-increased water loss

43
Q

what IV solutions do you use for hypernatremia?

A

.5 NS and D5W

44
Q

how does hypernatremia present

A

confusion, swollen red tongue, muscle twitching, thirst

45
Q

what is diabetes insipidus

A

an ADH deficiency

46
Q

Major electrolyte in the ICF

A

potassium

47
Q

What is the king of hearts

A

potassium

48
Q

what is the main source of potassium

A

diet

49
Q

what causes hypokalemia

A

diuretics, corticosteriods, secretion of aldosterone

50
Q

whats the number one cause of hypokalemia

A

diuretics

51
Q

K+ metabolic alkalosis

A

H+ moves out of cell and K+ moves into cell

52
Q

patient presentation with hypokalemia

A

torsades de pointes, low HR, muscle weakness, constipation

53
Q

what is torsades de pointes

A

Irregular apical heart rate

54
Q

what does a long QT interval mean

A

heart is taking longer to electrically charge for the next heartbeat

55
Q

hypokalemia interventions

A

administer K+ slowly, switch to a K+ sparing diuretic

56
Q

what is the #1 cause of hyperkalemia

A

renal failure

57
Q

potassium metabolic acidosis

A

too much H= in the cells forcing K= out of the cell

58
Q

hyperkalemia patient presentation

A

dysrythmias, diarrhea, muscle weakness

59
Q

peaked narrow wave is in-

A

EKG in hyperkalemia

60
Q

how to fix mild hyperkalemia

A

diuretics, stop hypotonic fluids, restict K+ diet

61
Q

how to fix severe hyperkalemia

A

calcium gluconate, insulin, NaHCO3

CSON IM2 (7 decks)

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