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aCUTE Care > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

WBCS

A

normal range: 5K-10K
leukocytosis:11K (infection and fever present)
mask when 1k-2k

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2
Q

what is leukopenia? neutropenia?

A

leukopenia < 4K (immunocompromised)
neutropenia<1500> neutropenic precautions

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3
Q

Hemoglobin norms and risks

A

fn: delivers 02 in blood
M: 14-17
F:12-16
increased: clot risk, decreased: anemia

consider exercise tolerance and tachy

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4
Q

hematocrit

A

fn:vol of RBCs compared to TBC
M: 42%-52%
F: 37%-47%
increased:blood doping. that> clot risk , decreased:fatigue/anemia

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5
Q

platelets

A

increased>clotting
decreased>bleeds
normal: 150K-400K

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6
Q

what are platelet count cutoffs for PT tx options?

A

<50K-no MMT, resistance, AROM
20K-35K- light exercise
<20K- hold PT

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7
Q

what are the INR cutoffs for PT tx

A

normal : ~1
4.0- light exercise
>5.0- hold exercise, eval only
>6.0- hold all PT

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8
Q

prothrombin time (PT)

A

normal (11-12.5) speed of clotting by means of extrinsic pathway

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9
Q

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

A

speed of clotting by means of 2 consec series –intrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation

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10
Q

activated PTT (aPTT)

A

added activator to speed up clot time

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11
Q

sodium

A

increased:swelling and fluid retention, HTN
decreased: cramps, weakness, confusion, decreased muscle fn

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12
Q

potassium

A

increased: arrhythmias
decreased: arrhythmias

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13
Q

calcium

A

increased: bradycardia, AV block, short QT interval and coma
decreased: paresthesias, muscle spasms, seizure, QT, interval elongation

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14
Q

magnesium

A

increased: weakness, respiratory failure, coma, paralysis
decreased: ventricular arrhythmia

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15
Q

chloride

A

increased: metabolic acidosis
decreased: metablolic alkalosis

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16
Q

troponin

A

protein involved in muscle contraction; diagnostic marker for MI
Levels rise 8 hrs after MI → peak 12 – 16 hrs → return to normal within 1 week
>0.3 mcg/L - hold activity for 24 hours after peak and it begins to trend downwards

17
Q

Creatine-kinase (CK)

A

elevated after MI, skeletal muscle injury, strenuous exercise
Elevated 4-6 hrs after MI, peak 12-24 hrs → clear 43-72 hrs
Activity should be limited or hold when CK is rising
Activity can continue once CK trends down to normal range

18
Q

BNP

A

indicates ventricular stretch/overstretch → CHF
Increase stress on heart = increase BNP because heart has to work harder
100 - 300: heart failure is present
300 - 600: mild heart failure
> 600: mod-severe heart failure

19
Q

alkalosis

A

Respiratory alkalosis
Elevated pH with reduced PaCO2
Hyperventilation,nervousness, anxiety, pain, pregnancy, PE

VS
Metabolic alkalosis
Elevated pH with loss or normal metabolic acids
Severe vomiting, excess use of antacids, diuretics, hypokalemia

20
Q

acidosis

A

Respiratory acidosis
Reduced pH with elevated PaCO2
Hypoventilation
COPD, pneumonia, sleep apnea, head trauma

VS

Metabolic acidosis
Reduced pH with deficit of bicarbonate
Chronic diarrhea, shock/sepsis, trauma, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure/uremia, hypoxia

21
Q

BUN

A

urea forms in the liver form breakdown of proteins, AA; kidney is responsible for excreting urea; measures renal excretory capacity and estimates protein catabolism and/or necrosis
Increased: renal disease, high protein diet, hypovolemia, CHF
Decreased: uncommon, result from malnutrition (low protein intake)

22
Q

Creatinine

A

end product of muscle metabolism; detects GFR
Increased: any renal or metabolic impairment
eGFR: elevated = better kidney function

23
Q

ammonia

A

converted to urea and normally excreted quickly in urine; very toxic to body and affects acid-base balance
Increased: renal disease, hepatic dysfunction

24
Q

SpO2

A

normal is 95-100% (<88 often requires supplemental O2)

25
Q

PaO2

A

normal range: 80-100%
dec with cardiac comp, COPD and some neuro dx

26
Q

PaCO2

A

normal range 35-45
inc with COPD and hypoventilation
dec hyper vent, PE, pregnancy and anxiety

27
Q

blood pH

A

normal: 7.35-7.45

28
Q

RBCs

A

males: 4.7-6.1
females: 4.2-5.4
inc with polycythemia and dec with anemia

aCUTE Care (5 decks)

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