Lab Values Flashcards
WBCS
normal range: 5K-10K
leukocytosis:11K (infection and fever present)
mask when 1k-2k
what is leukopenia? neutropenia?
leukopenia < 4K (immunocompromised)
neutropenia<1500> neutropenic precautions
Hemoglobin norms and risks
fn: delivers 02 in blood
M: 14-17
F:12-16
increased: clot risk, decreased: anemia
consider exercise tolerance and tachy
hematocrit
fn:vol of RBCs compared to TBC
M: 42%-52%
F: 37%-47%
increased:blood doping. that> clot risk , decreased:fatigue/anemia
platelets
increased>clotting
decreased>bleeds
normal: 150K-400K
what are platelet count cutoffs for PT tx options?
<50K-no MMT, resistance, AROM
20K-35K- light exercise
<20K- hold PT
what are the INR cutoffs for PT tx
normal : ~1
4.0- light exercise
>5.0- hold exercise, eval only
>6.0- hold all PT
prothrombin time (PT)
normal (11-12.5) speed of clotting by means of extrinsic pathway
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
speed of clotting by means of 2 consec series –intrinsic pathway and common pathway of coagulation
activated PTT (aPTT)
added activator to speed up clot time
sodium
increased:swelling and fluid retention, HTN
decreased: cramps, weakness, confusion, decreased muscle fn
potassium
increased: arrhythmias
decreased: arrhythmias
calcium
increased: bradycardia, AV block, short QT interval and coma
decreased: paresthesias, muscle spasms, seizure, QT, interval elongation
magnesium
increased: weakness, respiratory failure, coma, paralysis
decreased: ventricular arrhythmia
chloride
increased: metabolic acidosis
decreased: metablolic alkalosis
troponin
protein involved in muscle contraction; diagnostic marker for MI
Levels rise 8 hrs after MI → peak 12 – 16 hrs → return to normal within 1 week
>0.3 mcg/L - hold activity for 24 hours after peak and it begins to trend downwards
Creatine-kinase (CK)
elevated after MI, skeletal muscle injury, strenuous exercise
Elevated 4-6 hrs after MI, peak 12-24 hrs → clear 43-72 hrs
Activity should be limited or hold when CK is rising
Activity can continue once CK trends down to normal range
BNP
indicates ventricular stretch/overstretch → CHF
Increase stress on heart = increase BNP because heart has to work harder
100 - 300: heart failure is present
300 - 600: mild heart failure
> 600: mod-severe heart failure
alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Elevated pH with reduced PaCO2
Hyperventilation,nervousness, anxiety, pain, pregnancy, PE
VS
Metabolic alkalosis
Elevated pH with loss or normal metabolic acids
Severe vomiting, excess use of antacids, diuretics, hypokalemia
acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Reduced pH with elevated PaCO2
Hypoventilation
COPD, pneumonia, sleep apnea, head trauma
VS
Metabolic acidosis
Reduced pH with deficit of bicarbonate
Chronic diarrhea, shock/sepsis, trauma, diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure/uremia, hypoxia
BUN
urea forms in the liver form breakdown of proteins, AA; kidney is responsible for excreting urea; measures renal excretory capacity and estimates protein catabolism and/or necrosis
Increased: renal disease, high protein diet, hypovolemia, CHF
Decreased: uncommon, result from malnutrition (low protein intake)
Creatinine
end product of muscle metabolism; detects GFR
Increased: any renal or metabolic impairment
eGFR: elevated = better kidney function
ammonia
converted to urea and normally excreted quickly in urine; very toxic to body and affects acid-base balance
Increased: renal disease, hepatic dysfunction
SpO2
normal is 95-100% (<88 often requires supplemental O2)
PaO2
normal range: 80-100%
dec with cardiac comp, COPD and some neuro dx
PaCO2
normal range 35-45
inc with COPD and hypoventilation
dec hyper vent, PE, pregnancy and anxiety
blood pH
normal: 7.35-7.45
RBCs
males: 4.7-6.1
females: 4.2-5.4
inc with polycythemia and dec with anemia
