Lab Values Flashcards
1
Q
Potassium
A
- 3.5-5
- Functions
- Neurotransmission
- Heart funcion
- Muscle contraction
- Food Sources
- Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, oranges, strawberries, tomatoes
- carrots, mushrooms, spinach
- Fish, pork, beef, veal
- Potatoes
- Raisins
2
Q
Sodium
A
- 135-145
- Functions
- body-water balance
- Neuroconduction
- Muscle contraction
- Nutrition
- Bacon, frankfurters, lunch meat
- Butter, cheese
- Canned food
- Ketchup, mustard
- Milk
- Processed food
- Snack foods
- Soy sauce
3
Q
Chloride
A
- 95-105
- Function
- Acid-base homeostasis
- Cellular metabolism
- Neuronal firing
- Hypochloremia
- metabolic alkalosis
- Hyperchloremia
- Respiratory/metabolic acidosis
4
Q
Calcium
A
- 8.5-10.5+
- Functions
- Signal transduction
- Muscle contraction
- Neurotransmission
- Vasodilation
- Hormone secretion
- Sources
- Cheese, yogurt, milk
- Collard greens, kale, rhubarb
- Sardines, tofu
5
Q
Phosphate
A
- 3.0-4.5
- Sources
- Dairy products
- Fish, pork, beef, chicken, organ meats
- Nuts
- Pumpkin, squash
- Whole-grain breads and cereals
- Hypophosphatemia
- muscle and neurological dysfunction
- disruption of muscle and blood cells due to lack of atp
- Hyperphosphatemia
- GI symptoms
- Calcification of organs and soft tissue
- decreased use of iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc
6
Q
Magnesium
A
- 1.5-2.5
- Sources
- Avocado
- Canned white tuna
- Cauliflower
- Green leafy vegetables (broccoli, spinach)
- Milk, yogurt
- Oatmeal, wheat bran
- Peanut butter, almonds
- Peas
- Pork, chicken, soybeans
- Potatoes
- Raisins
7
Q
BUN
A
- 6-20
- Elevated levels
- kidney dysfunction
- Slowing of GFR
- infection, GI bleed, dehydration, muscle breakdown
8
Q
Creatinine
A
- 0.6-1.3
- Function
- Measures renal function
- efficiency of kidneys in breaking down creatinine phosphate
- Increased levels indicate slowing of GFR
- Avoid exercise for 8 hours and red meat intake for 24 hours before the test
9
Q
Bilirubin
A
- 0.2-1.2
- Elevated levels (>12) indicate liver damage and often cause jaundice
10
Q
Albumin
A
- 3.5-5
- Main protein in human blood plasma
- Useful in assessing various disease states
- Low albumin
- Liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis)
- Kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome)
- Malabsorption (Crohn’s disease, Whipple’s disease, celiac sprue)
- Malnutrition
- High albumin
- Dehydration
- High protein diet
11
Q
Total Protein
A
- 6.4-8.3
- Globulin
- regulate immune system
- Albumin
- keeps fluid inside blood vessels
- Elevated levels
- burns
- cirrhosis
- dehydration
- Decreased levels
- liver disease
- Malabsorption
12
Q
AST and ALT
A
- AST 10-30
- cardiac tissue and hepatocellular cells
- ALT 10-40
- kidneys, heart, skeletal muscle
- AST/ALT ratio
- Elevated levels
- liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis)
13
Q
WBC
A
- 5000-10000
- Neutrophils (50-70%)
- Lymphocytes (20-40%)
- Monocytes (4-8%)
- Eosinophils (2-4%)
- Basophils (0.5-1.5%)
- “Shift to the left” means that increased number of neutrophils is present
- associated w/ bacterial infection
- “Shift to the right” means that there is an increase in normal number of nuclear segments (liver disease, down syndrome, anemia)
*
14
Q
RBC
A
- Women - 3.5 - 5.5
- Men - 4.3 - 5.9
- Increased
- polycythemia
- Decreased
- Bleeding
- Dietary deficiencies
- bone marrow failure
- Anemia
15
Q
Hemoglobin
A
- Men - 13 - 17
- Women - 12 - 16
- Carries oxygen to tissues
