Lab Values Flashcards
1
Q
Potassium
A
- 3.5-5
- Functions
- Neurotransmission
- Heart funcion
- Muscle contraction
- Food Sources
- Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, oranges, strawberries, tomatoes
- carrots, mushrooms, spinach
- Fish, pork, beef, veal
- Potatoes
- Raisins
2
Q
Sodium
A
- 135-145
- Functions
- body-water balance
- Neuroconduction
- Muscle contraction
- Nutrition
- Bacon, frankfurters, lunch meat
- Butter, cheese
- Canned food
- Ketchup, mustard
- Milk
- Processed food
- Snack foods
- Soy sauce
3
Q
Chloride
A
- 95-105
- Function
- Acid-base homeostasis
- Cellular metabolism
- Neuronal firing
- Hypochloremia
- metabolic alkalosis
- Hyperchloremia
- Respiratory/metabolic acidosis
4
Q
Calcium
A
- 8.5-10.5+
- Functions
- Signal transduction
- Muscle contraction
- Neurotransmission
- Vasodilation
- Hormone secretion
- Sources
- Cheese, yogurt, milk
- Collard greens, kale, rhubarb
- Sardines, tofu
5
Q
Phosphate
A
- 3.0-4.5
- Sources
- Dairy products
- Fish, pork, beef, chicken, organ meats
- Nuts
- Pumpkin, squash
- Whole-grain breads and cereals
- Hypophosphatemia
- muscle and neurological dysfunction
- disruption of muscle and blood cells due to lack of atp
- Hyperphosphatemia
- GI symptoms
- Calcification of organs and soft tissue
- decreased use of iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc
6
Q
Magnesium
A
- 1.5-2.5
- Sources
- Avocado
- Canned white tuna
- Cauliflower
- Green leafy vegetables (broccoli, spinach)
- Milk, yogurt
- Oatmeal, wheat bran
- Peanut butter, almonds
- Peas
- Pork, chicken, soybeans
- Potatoes
- Raisins
7
Q
BUN
A
- 6-20
- Elevated levels
- kidney dysfunction
- Slowing of GFR
- infection, GI bleed, dehydration, muscle breakdown
8
Q
Creatinine
A
- 0.6-1.3
- Function
- Measures renal function
- efficiency of kidneys in breaking down creatinine phosphate
- Increased levels indicate slowing of GFR
- Avoid exercise for 8 hours and red meat intake for 24 hours before the test
9
Q
Bilirubin
A
- 0.2-1.2
- Elevated levels (>12) indicate liver damage and often cause jaundice
10
Q
Albumin
A
- 3.5-5
- Main protein in human blood plasma
- Useful in assessing various disease states
- Low albumin
- Liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis)
- Kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome)
- Malabsorption (Crohn’s disease, Whipple’s disease, celiac sprue)
- Malnutrition
- High albumin
- Dehydration
- High protein diet
11
Q
Total Protein
A
- 6.4-8.3
- Globulin
- regulate immune system
- Albumin
- keeps fluid inside blood vessels
- Elevated levels
- burns
- cirrhosis
- dehydration
- Decreased levels
- liver disease
- Malabsorption
12
Q
AST and ALT
A
- AST 10-30
- cardiac tissue and hepatocellular cells
- ALT 10-40
- kidneys, heart, skeletal muscle
- AST/ALT ratio
- Elevated levels
- liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis)
13
Q
WBC
A
- 5000-10000
- Neutrophils (50-70%)
- Lymphocytes (20-40%)
- Monocytes (4-8%)
- Eosinophils (2-4%)
- Basophils (0.5-1.5%)
- “Shift to the left” means that increased number of neutrophils is present
- associated w/ bacterial infection
- “Shift to the right” means that there is an increase in normal number of nuclear segments (liver disease, down syndrome, anemia)
*
14
Q
RBC
A
- Women - 3.5 - 5.5
- Men - 4.3 - 5.9
- Increased
- polycythemia
- Decreased
- Bleeding
- Dietary deficiencies
- bone marrow failure
- Anemia
15
Q
Hemoglobin
A
- Men - 13 - 17
- Women - 12 - 16
- Carries oxygen to tissues
16
Q
Hematocrit
A
- Women - 36-46%
- Men - 41-53%
- 3x value of hemoglobin
- High values
- polycythemia
- Low values
- anemia
- hemorrhage
- overhydration
17
Q
PT/PTT
A
- PT - 10-14 seconds
- Warfarin
- value within 2 seconds of the control is normal
- Diets high in green leafy vegetables can increase absorption of vitamin K, which shortens the PT
- INR
- 2-3 for standard warfarin therapy
- 3-4.5 for high-dose warfarin therapy
- PTT - 25-35 seconds
- Heparin
- draw sample 1 hour before next scheduled dose
- value should be 1.5 - 2.5 times normal when on heparin
18
Q
Platelet Lab Values
A
- 150k-400k
- Can be used as a diagnostic tool for certain diseases
- Cancer
- Leukemia
- Chemotherapy
- Autoimmune disease
- Thrombocythemia
19
Q
Bleeding Time
A
- 2-7 minutes
- Measures risk of bleeding and hemorrhaging
20
Q
pH - blood and urine
A
- Blood - 7.35 - 7.45
- Urine - 4 - 8
21
Q
pH - blood and urine
A
- Blood - 7.35 - 7.45
- Urine - 4 - 8
22
Q
Urine Specific Gravity
A
- 1.003 - 1.03
- High value indicates concentration w/
- Glucose
- proteins
- white/red blood cells
- crystals
- Possible bacteria
- dehydration
23
Q
Blood Glucose
A
- 70 - 110
- A1C - 4-6%
24
Q
Hemoglobin A1C
A
- 4 - 6%
- Measures BG control over past 2-3 months
- Diabetic goal - 7%
25
Q
Cholesterol
A
- Total - <200
- LDL - <100
- near optimal - 100-129
- Moderate risk for CAD - 130-159
- High risk for CAD - 160+
- HDL (good)
- Males - >40
- Females - >50
- Triglycerides - <150
26
Q
Triglycerides
A
- <150
- Fast for 12 hours
- Avoid alcohol for 24 hours
- High levels
- DM2
- Hypothyroidism
- Liver/Kidney Disease
- Diet
- S/E of medications
27
Q
Troponin
A
- Troponin T - < 0.1
- Troponin I
- normal - < 0.5
- MI - > 2.3
- Onset - 4 hours
- Peak - 24 - 36 hours
- Return to normal 5 - 14 days
28
Q
Myoglobin
A
- Released during muscle tissue injury
- Onset - 1-4 hours
- Peak - 12 hours
- Return to baseline - 24 hours
- Elevated levels after 24 hours indicate reinfarction
29
Q
Creatine Kinase (CK-MB)
A
- Diagnosis of cardiac muscle damage
- Onset - 4-8 hours
- Peak - 12-24 hours
- Return to normal - 2-3 days
30
Q
CSF Lab Values
A
- Pressure <20 cm H20
- Clear/colorless
- Proteins <40 mg/dl
- Lactate Dehydrogenase - 10% of serum level
- Cells - 0-5 small lymphocytes
- Glucose - 40 - 70
