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MT6321 > [LAB] Unit 5: Impregnation & Embedding > Flashcards

[LAB] Unit 5: Impregnation & Embedding Flashcards

1
Q

Process of saturating the tissue with a medium, usually liquid paraffin, to permeate or fill up the natural cavities, spaces, and interstices of the tissue.

A

Impregnation

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2
Q

Impregnation is the process of ______ing the tissue with a medium, usually liquid paraffin, to permeate or fill up the natural cavities, spaces, and interstices of the tissue.

A

Impregnation is the process of SATURATING the tissue with a medium, usually liquid paraffin, to permeate or fill up the natural cavities, spaces, and interstices of the tissue.

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3
Q

These professionals determine what tissue to use/process

A

Pathologists

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4
Q

(T/F)
Histotechnologists cut the tissue to be used

A

FALSE

Pathologists are the ones to cut the tissue to be used

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5
Q

What does FFPE stand for?

A

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

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6
Q

A suitable _________ ______ is filled with the molten wax, the tissue is placed in it and oriented so it is sectioned in the proper plane.

A

Embedding mold

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7
Q

(T/F)
A variety of molds can be used depending on the
technician’s preference

A

True

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8
Q

What is the output of embedding?

A

Tissue block

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9
Q

(T/F)
Cooling the tissue block rapidly would avoid crystals

A

True

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10
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(1.)
Transfer the tissue with _____ forceps to a small container of freshly ______ paraffin

A

Transfer the tissue with warm forceps to a small container of freshly melted paraffin

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11
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(T/F)
Tips of forceps are heated in an alcohol lamp or a hotplate

A

FALSE.

Tips of forceps are heated in an alcohol lamp or in a forceps warmer

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12
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

Forceps tip should be hot enough so paraffin does not ______ , but not so hot as to cause paraffin to ______.

A

Forceps tip should be hot enough so paraffin does not solidify , but not so hot as to cause paraffin to smoke.

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13
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(2.)
Fill the bottom of the mold with a small amount of _______.

The depth of the mold should be at least _____the thickness of the tissue.

A

Fill the bottom of the mold with a small amount of **paraffin **

The depth of the mold should be at least TWICE the thickness of the tissue.

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14
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(3.)
Pick up tissue, and place into the mold. Manipulation of the tissue in the mold must be ______, so paraffin does not begin to harden.

A

Pick up tissue, and place into the mold. Manipulation of the tissue in the mold must be quick, so paraffin does not begin to harden.

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15
Q

(T/F)
The tissue should be placed on the bottom part of the mold, so that when the tissue block is retrieved, the cutting face will not be exposed when sectioning

A

FALSE.
The tissue should be placed on the bottom part of the mold, so that when the tissue block is retrieved, the cutting face will be easily exposed when sectioning

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16
Q

(T/F)
Place the tissue cassette on the metal mold to act as a cover

A

True

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17
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(4.)
After the tissue is in the mold, fill the mold entirely with the paraffin. As the paraffin begins to harden, insert a ____ ______ _____; the label should not go down to the bottom of the paraffin.

A

(4.)

After the tissue is in the mold, fill the mold entirely with the paraffin. As the paraffin begins to harden, insert a code number label; the label should not go down to the bottom of the paraffin.

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18
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(T/F)
the label should go down to the bottom of the paraffin.

A

False

the label should NOT go down to the bottom of the paraffin.

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19
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

This refers to how the tissue is placed in the wax
as it hardens

A

Tissue Orientation

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20
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(T/F)
When embedding a skin specimen, its different layers should be seen in the mold.

A

True

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21
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

After filling the mold entirely with the paraffin wax, place immediately on ____ ___________ ________ to solidify

A

After filling the mold entirely with the paraffin wax, place immediately on cold orientation platform to solidify

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22
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(5.)
Allow the surface of the paraffin block to harden, then immerse the mold into a _______, _____ _ _ ̊C water bath for about _ _ - _ _ minutes to hasten solidification of the paraffin.

A

Allow the surface of the paraffin block to harden, then immerse the mold into a shallow, cool (10 ̊C) water bath for about 10-15 minutes to hasten solidification of the paraffin.

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23
Q

EMBEDDING TECHNIQUES

(7.)
When paraffin is completely _____, _____ it from the mold.

A

When paraffin is completely hardened, remove it from the mold.

*Do not immediately remove the tissue block from
the mold

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24
Q

COOLING TEMPERATURE

___ ̊C temperature prevents cracking of the tissue block

A

10 ̊C temperature prevents cracking of the tissue block

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25
Q

COOLING TEMPERATURE

10 ̊C temperature prevents ______ of the tissue block

A

10 ̊C temperature prevents cracking of the tissue block

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26
Q

COOLING TEMPERATURE

If paraffin is properly cooled, the crystals of paraffin are ______ and ________ with each other.

A

If paraffin is properly cooled, the crystals of paraffin are small and contiguous with each other.

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27
Q

COOLING TEMPERATURE

(T/F)
If properly cooled, the paraffin will appear turbid and homogeneous and there is no layering of the paraffin.

A

False
If properly cooled, the paraffin will appear clear and homogeneous and there is no layering of the paraffin.

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28
Q

COOLING TEMPERATURE

What are the characteristics of a properly cooled tissue block?

A

-Clear
-Homogenous
-No layering of paraffin

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29
Q

COOLING TEMPERATURE

(T/F)
Paraffin demonstrating these conditions (clear, homogenous, no layering) are not ideal for sectioning.

A

False.

Paraffin demonstrating these conditions is BEST for sectioning

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30
Q

This infiltrating medium is rapidly converted from solid to liquid form on heating

A

Paraffin

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31
Q

This medium permeates the tissue in a liquid state

A

Paraffin

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32
Q

Paraffin permeates the tissue in what state

A

liquid state

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33
Q

(T/F)
Paraffin solidifies relatively quickly on cooling

A

True

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34
Q

(T/F) Paraffin becomes fluid on heating to a temperature which may damage the tissue

A

False.

temperature which will not damage the tissue

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35
Q

When the paraffin solidifies, it becomes firm enough
to section at what temperature?

A

Room temperature

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36
Q

Paraffin

Time of infiltration and subsequent embedding are relatively short for ______ pieces of tissue.

A

small

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37
Q

Paraffin

Thin sections can be cut with the _______ microtome and sections will adhere to each other to form a _____.

A

rotary microtome; ribbon

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38
Q

Paraffin

(T/F)
Tissue once infiltrated and embedded can be stored in a dry condition indefinitely without damage to the tissue.

A

True

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39
Q

Paraffin

What microtome is used for paraffin?

A

Rotary microtome

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40
Q

Paraffin

(T/F)

You can wrap the paraffin in a tissue paper

A

True

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41
Q

Substitutes for Paraffin Wax

A
  1. Paraplast
  2. FIbrowax
  3. Bioloid
  4. Embeddol
  5. Ester Wax
  6. Water Soluble Waxes
  7. Dimethylsulfoxide

PWD BEEF

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42
Q

This substitute for paraffin wax is a mixture of highly purified paraffin and synthetic plastic polymers

A

Paraplast

para: highly purified paraffin; plast: synthetic plastic polymer

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43
Q

This substitute for paraffin wax is less brittle and less compressible than Paraplast

A

Embeddol

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44
Q

Embeddol is less ____ and less _____ than paraplast

A

Less brittle and less compressible

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45
Q

Embeddol

This is a semisynthetic wax recommended for embedding eyes

A

Myeloid

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46
Q

Embeddol

Myeloid is a _______ wax recommended for embedding ____

A

semisynthetic wax; eyes

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47
Q

This is a highly purified paraffin wax with DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide)

A

Ester wax

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48
Q

Ester wax is a _______ ________ paraffin wax with _______.

A

highly purified ; DMSO

DMSO = Dimethylsulfoxide

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49
Q

This wax is elastic and resilient

A

Ester wax

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50
Q
A
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51
Q

This wax has a lower melting point (46-48°C)
but is harder than paraffin.

A

Ester wax

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52
Q

What is the melting point of ester wax?

A

46-48°C

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53
Q

Ester wax is not soluble in water, but is soluble in _ _ % ______ ________ and other clearing agents

A

95% Ethyl Alcohol

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54
Q

This wax is not soluble in water

A

Ester wax

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55
Q

These waxes have melting points of 38-42°C or 45-56°C

A

Water soluble waxes

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56
Q

Water soluble waxes have melting points of ?

A

38-42°C or 45-56°C

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57
Q

Water soluble waxes

this water soluble wax is a polyethylene glycol

A

Carbawax

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58
Q

this water soluble wax is suitable for many enzyme histochemical studies

A

Carbawax

59
Q

In this water soluble wax, cytologic details are excellently preserved

A

Carbawax

60
Q

Carbawax is a p________ g_____

A

polyethylene glycol

61
Q

Carbawax excellently preserves _________ ______

A

cytological details

(C=C) Carbawax = Cytologic

62
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF PARAFFIN

When does the distortion of the histology of the tissue due to shrinkage usually occur?

A

When the sections are being attached to glass slides (paraffin artifact)

63
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF PARAFFIN

(T/F)
Sectioning of paraffin difficult at low temperatures

A

False.

Sectioning of paraffin difficult at HIGH temperatures

because it will lose its rigidity

64
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF PARAFFIN

(T/F)
Time for infiltration of large blocks of tissue is excessive.

A

True

65
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF PARAFFIN

(T/F)
Paraffin shrinks after fixation

A

True

According to SIr

66
Q

this infiltrating medium is an amorphous, slightly yellowish substance

A

Celloidin

67
Q

This embedding medium is a purified form of collodion or nitro-cellulose

A

Celloidin

68
Q

Celloidin is a purified form of _______ or ____-_______

A

Collodion or Nitro-cellulose

69
Q

This embedding medium is for hard tissue specimens

A

Celloidin

70
Q

What microtome is used for celloidin?

A

Sliding microtome

71
Q

(T/F)
Celloidin requires minimal heat

A

False.

Celloidin does NOT require heat

72
Q

(T/F)
Celloidin has a robbery consistency

A

False.
rubbery consistency

73
Q

(T/F)
Celloidin provides minimal distortion of specimen

A

True

74
Q

(T/F)
Celloidin is difficult to cut into thin sections

A

True

75
Q

(T/F)
With celloidin, serial sections are difficult to prepare

A

True

76
Q

(T/F)
Using celloidin is a fast process

A

FALSE.

slow process

77
Q

Celloidin blocks and sections must be stored in _ _ % __________
otherwise they become discolored, dry, and
shrunken

A

70% alcohol

78
Q

Celloidin blocks and sections must be stored in 70% alcohol
otherwise they become ______, _______, and ________.

A

Discolored, dry, and shrunken

79
Q

(T/F)

Celloidin blocks and sections not stored in 70% alcohol = yellowish and shrunks

A

True

80
Q

Which is more used?

Dry celloidin method
or
Wet celloidin method?

A

Wet celloidin method

81
Q

What does VCN stand for?

A

Low Viscosity Nitrocellulose

82
Q

The low viscosity of LVN allows for ______ concentration to be used

A

higher

83
Q

(T/F)
LVN has greater speed of impregnation

A

True(

84
Q

LVN’s final block is harder, allowing _______ sections to be cut

a. Thinner
b. Thicker

A

a. thinner

The harder the block = easier to cut thinner sections

Softer block = harder to cut thin sections

85
Q

Which embedding medium has greater water tolerance?

LVN or Celloidin?

A

Low Viscosity Nitrocellulose

86
Q

(T/F)
LVN has the tendency to crack down during handling and staining

W

A

True

87
Q

LVN has the tendency to crack down during handling and staining.

What is used to minimize this tendency?

A

0.5% oleum ricini
(Castor Oil)

88
Q

Which embedding medium is HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE

A

LVN

bothmnemonic: TNT = LVN (both three letters)

89
Q

In DOUBLE EMBEDDING, tissue is first impregnated with ________, and subsequently blocked in __________ ___

A

First: celloidin
Subsequently: paraffin wax

90
Q

(T/F)

Double embedding is used when dealing with soft tissues

A

FALSE.

HARD Tissues

91
Q

Double embedding is used for __________ of the morphological appearance of the tissue

A

maintenance

92
Q

Double embedding is used for maintenance of the __________ of the tissue

A

morphological appearance

93
Q

(T/F)
Serial sections are easily prepared with double embedding

A

True

94
Q

With double embedding, extra degree of _______ is given when cutting hard tissues

A

Resilience

95
Q

main use is in double embedding technique with ester wax or paraffin wax

A

Agar

96
Q

cohesive agent for multiple fragments of friable tissue

A

Agar

97
Q

It has a lower melting point that agar

A

Gelatin

98
Q

Main use is in the production of whole organ sections

A

Gelatin

99
Q

Which of the following are used for friable tissues:
a. Gelatin
b. Agar
c. Both
d. None of the above

A

c. Both

100
Q

Water-soluble waxes can be embedded directly from ______.

However, it is RESTRICTED due to the ______ diffusion currents which can lead to fragmentation of the section

A

Water ; Violent

101
Q

What happens when you embed water-soluble waxes directly from water?

A

diffusion currents which can lead to fragmentation of the section

102
Q

Give the three plastic embedding mediums

A
  1. Epoxy
  2. Polyester
  3. Acrylic
103
Q

This plastic embedding medium reduces antigenicity, is toxic, and damages tissue

A

Epoxy

104
Q

Give the three epoxies used as an embedding medium

A
  • bisphenol A (Araldite)
  • glycerol (Epon)
  • cyclohexene dioxide (Spurr)

BGC

105
Q

This plastic embedding medium is NOT often used

A

Polyester

106
Q

This plastic embedding medium is used extensively for light microscopy

A

Acrylic

107
Q

Types of Acrylic

A
  • MMA
    (Methyl Methacrylate)
  • GMA
    ( Glycidyl Methacrylate)
108
Q

MOLDS FOR EMBEDDING

molds for routine work and are widely used

A

Leuckhart’s Embedding Mold

109
Q

Leuckhart’s embedding mold consists of how many L-shaped pieces of metal?

A

2 L-shaped pieces of metal

L-shaped = Leuckhart

110
Q

Leuckhart’s embedding mold is arranged on a _____ metal plate to form a mold of
desired size

A

glass

111
Q

Leuckhart’s embedding mold

(T/F)
Any size of the block can be made and size of tissue blocks are resizable

A

True

112
Q

This embedding mold consists of a series of interlocking plates resting on a flat metal base, forming several compartments

A

Compound Embedding Unit

113
Q

This embedding mold has the advantage of embedding more specimens at a time

A

Compound Embedding Unit

114
Q

This embedding mold is used in positioning histological tissues accurately in base molds.

A

Plastic Embedding Ring and Base Model

115
Q

This embedding mold is compatible with most commonly-used processing and storage systems

A

Plastic Embedding Ring and Base Mold

116
Q

In plastic embedding ring, _____ are precision-molded from premium-grade, chemically-inert, high impact polystyrene for dimensional rigidity and sturdiness.

A

Rings

117
Q

(T/F)
Base molds are like metal molds

A

True

118
Q

This embedding mold allows tissue block to solidify and cool both sides of mold para lumabas yung block

?

A

POP-OUT EMBEDDING MOLDS

119
Q

Disposable embedding molds are ____-_-___

A

peel-a-way

120
Q

_________: once the wax has solidified, the plastic walls are peeled off one at a time, giving perfect blocks that require no trimming.

A

peel-a-way
(Disposable embedding mold)

121
Q

Dis

(T/F)
Once the disposable embedding molds are peeled off, they can be placed directly in the chuck of the microtome

A

True

122
Q

Molds for embedding

It is made from thick paper or cardboard paper

A

Paper boat

123
Q

Molds for embedding

It is cheap to make and allow blocks to be stored
without being removed

A

Paper Boat

124
Q

Molds for embedding

this type of paper is used para hindi dumikit yung paper sa block

A

glossy magazine

125
Q

Molds for embedding

It provide easy and accurate identification of specimens, thereby avoiding confusion and
interchange of tissue blocks

A

Paper boat

126
Q

Molds for embedding

blocks are easily removed by flexing the plastic trays and by smearing the inside of the mold with glycerin or liquid paraffin

A

Plastic ice tray

127
Q

Molds for embedding

convenient molds for busy routine laboratory, one block being embedded in each compartment

A

Plastic ice tray

128
Q

What is smeared inside the mold of the plastic ice tray to be easily removed by flexing the plastic tray?

A
  • Glycerin
  • Liquid paraffin
129
Q

Molds for embedding

For busy laboratories (multiple blocks can be made
from one tray)

A

Plastic ice tray

130
Q

This is ideal for embedding fragmentary biopsies

A

Watch Glasses

131
Q

(T/F)
Watch glasses are not essential to smear them with glycerin

A

True

132
Q

This is used for embedding tissue intended for EM microscopy

A

Methylcrylate plastic resin
(EPON resin)

133
Q

(T/F)
Blocks are hard to remove from watch glasses

A

True

134
Q

Used for small fragments which have been processed (e.g. Bone marrow) which concentrates them without the damage caused by orientation with forceps

A

Test tubes

135
Q

Where in the tube do the small fragments concentrate?

A

Bottom

136
Q

(T/F)
You need to break the tubes in order to obtain the embedded specimen

A

True

137
Q

Pre-Test

(T/F)
Cellosolve is an embedding medium

A

FALSE

Celloidin

138
Q

Match the corresponding guides on how to embed

  1. Tubular tissue
  2. Skin
  3. Endometrial curetting
  4. Long tissue
  5. Intestine
  6. Membrane

A. all layers should come
O. all layers should come
L. all layers in transverse section
N. swiss
S. keep diagonally
C. keep in center

A
139
Q

Pre-Test

(T/F)
After embedding, 10 ̊C temperature prevents cracking of the tissue block

A

True

140
Q

Pre-Test

(T/F)
Test tubes is one of possible embedding molds

A

True

141
Q

Post-Test

(T/F)
Low Viscosity Nitrocellulose is highly explosive

A

True

142
Q

Post-Test

(T/F)
Blocks are easily removed by smearing the inside with glycerin

A

True

143
Q

Post-Test

(T/F)
Tissues should not reach the edges during embedding

A

True

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