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EPHE 141 > Lab Two > Flashcards

Lab Two Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of connective tissue

A

1) connective tissue proper
2) fluid connective tissue
3) supporting connective tissue

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2
Q

Two types of connective tissue proper

A

Loose and dense

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3
Q

Three types of loose connective tissue proper

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

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4
Q

Three types of dense connective tissue proper

A

Regular, irregular, and elastic

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5
Q

Two types of fluid connective tissue

A

Blood and lymph

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6
Q

Two types of supporting connective tissue

A

Cartilage and bone

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7
Q

Three types of cartilage tissue

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrous

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8
Q

Two types of bone tissue

A

Compact, spongy

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9
Q

Functions (3) of areolar connective tissue

A

Padding, elastic stretch for independent movement, and highly vascularized phagocytic cells which defend against pathogens

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10
Q

Function and location of macrophages and mast cells

A

Defence; areolar connective tissue

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11
Q

What takes up most of the space in adipose cells?

A

Lipids

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12
Q

Three functions of adipose tissue

A

Padding, insulation, energy stores

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13
Q

Which type of connective tissue provides structural frameworks for liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

A

Reticular connective tissue

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14
Q

What makes dense regular connective tissue appear regular?

A

Parallel collagen fibres

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15
Q

Which type of connective tissue provides firm attachments, conducts pull of muscles, reduces friction of muscles, and stabilizes relative position of bones?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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16
Q

Which type of connective tissue are tendons and ligaments made (mostly) of?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

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17
Q

What makes dense irregular connective tissue appear irregular?

A

Interwoven collagen fibres

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18
Q

What connective tissue provides strength and support in many directions, and helps prevent over expansion of organs like the urinary bladder? Found in dermis and nerve/muscle sheaths

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

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19
Q

Hyaline cartilage is composed of ______ cells, lying in spaces called ______

A

Condrocytes

lacunae

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20
Q

The matrix of hyaline cartilage appears…

A

Translucent/absent of prominent fibres

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21
Q

Two main functions of hyaline cartilage?

A

Stiff but somewhat flexible support

Reduces friction between bony surfaces

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22
Q

What kind of fibres are visible in fibrocartilage?

A

Collagen fibres

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23
Q

What is the special functions of fibrocartilage?

A

Collagen fibres follow stress lines and are more regularly arranged to resist compression and absorb shock

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24
Q

What is the special function of elastic cartilage?

A

Provides support but resists distortion

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25
Q

Function of osteocytes

A

Maintain and monitor protein and mineral content of matrix

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26
Q

Function of osteoblasts

A

Secrete organic components of matrix, and are responsible for osteogenesis

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27
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

become daughter cells then osteoblasts; they are crucial for repairing broken bones

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28
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Osteolysis; dissolve bony matrix to increase [Ca+ and phosphate] in body fluids

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29
Q

What is spongy bone called in the flat bones of the cell?

A

diploe

30
Q

What fills medullary cavity of long bones?

A

Adapocytes (yellow marrow) or mixture of mature and immature red and white blood cells (red marrow)

31
Q

What is the nutrient foramen of long bones?

A

Site of entry into diaphysis for nutrient arteries and veins

32
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer fibrous layer of dense connective tissue and inner layer of osteoprogenitor cells

33
Q

Endosteum

A

Lines medullary cavity with osteoprogenitor cells, and covers trabeculae of spongy bone and inner surfaces of central and perforating canals

34
Q

Five main functions of bones

A

1) Support
2) Storage of minerals
3) blood cell production
4) protection
5) leverage

35
Q

Pneumatized bones

A

Bones that are hollow or contain numerous air pockets (ex. ethmoid or bridge of nose)

36
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane

37
Q

Myocyte

A

Muscle cell

38
Q

Five main functions of skeletal muscles

A

1) produce skeletal movements
2) maintain posture and body position
3) support soft tissues
4) regulate entering/exiting of material
5) maintain body temp

39
Q

Three dense layers of connective tissue

A

1) epimysium
2) perimysium
3) endomysium

40
Q

Epimysium

A

Surrounds entire skeletal muscle

41
Q

Perimysium

A

Divides muscles into series of internal compartments

42
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds each skeletal muscle fibre

43
Q

What produces striations

A

actin and myosin filaments arranged in parallel within organized functional groups

44
Q

Four classifications of muscles

A

Parallel, convergent, pennate, and circular

45
Q

Three types of parallel muscles

A

Parallel, parallel muscle with tendinous bands, and wrapping

46
Q

Three types of pennate muscles

A

Unipennate, bipennate, and multipennate

47
Q

Joints that are immoveable

A

Synarthrotic joints

48
Q

Joints found between bones of the skull, with interlocking bones and bound with connective tissue

A

Synarthrotic fibrous suture joints

49
Q

Joints that are slightly moveable

A

Amphiarthrotic joints

50
Q

Joint where bones are connected by a ligament, such as the middle radioulnar joint, or middle tibiofibular joint

A

Amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmoisis joints

51
Q

Sheet of fibres between radius and ulna

A

Antebracial interosseous membrane

52
Q

Sheet of fibres between the tibia and fibia

A

Crural interosseous membrane

53
Q

Joint where bones are separated by a wedge or bad of fibrocartilage, such as intervertebral disks or pubic symphysis

A

Amphiarthrotic cartilaginous symphysis joints

54
Q

Composition of articular capsule

A

Outer layer/fibrous capsule, and inner layer/synovial membrane

55
Q

What tissue are menisci composed of?

A

Fibrous cartilage

56
Q

Fat pads function:

A

protect articular cartilage and act as packing material for joints

57
Q

Tendons function:

A

Limits range of motion at joints

58
Q

What are bursae?

A

Small synovial fluid filled pockets in connective tissue of joints, who function to reduce friction

59
Q

What are tendon sheaths?

A

Tubular bursae that surround tendons where they cross bony surfaces

60
Q

Supination

A

palms face forwards

61
Q

Pronation

A

palms are turned posteriorly from anatomical position

62
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

superior surface of the foot approaches the shin

63
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Pointing toes downwards

64
Q

inversion

A

sole of food turns inwards

65
Q

eversion

A

sole of foot turns outwards

66
Q

elevation

A

move in superior direction

67
Q

depression

A

move in inferior direction

68
Q

opposition

A

thumb touching any fingertips on same hand

69
Q

Protraction

A

Moving anteriorly in horizontal plane

70
Q

Retraction

A

moving posteriorly in horizontal plane

71
Q

Lateral flexion

A

bending axial skeleton parts to the side

EPHE 141 (8 decks)

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