Lab Test #2 Flashcards
1
Q
How many hands do you use on a microscope and where would they go?
A
Two- one around the arm and the other under the base
2
Q
The Bottom part on which the microscope rests
A
Base
3
Q
The angular part of the frame
A
Arm
4
Q
The part that holds the ocular
A
Body Tube
5
Q
Lens at the top of the body tube, magnification of 10X
A
Ocular (Eyepiece)
6
Q
The circular plate at the bottom of the body tube
A
Nosepiece
7
Q
Lens with magnification of 4X
A
Scanning
8
Q
Lens with magnification of 10X
A
Low-Power
9
Q
Lens with magnification of 40X or 43X
A
High-power
10
Q
Lens with magnification of 100X, may not be present
A
Oil Immersion
11
Q
The platform on which the slide is placed
A
Stage
12
Q
Two clips that hold the slide in place
A
Stage Clips
13
Q
Provides built-in illumination (no mirror is needed)
A
Light
14
Q
Located below the stage and regulates the amount of light passing through the stage
A
Diaphragm
15
Q
A nonmovable lens located in the hole of the stage (does not affect magnification)
A
Condenser
16
Q
Larger knob that raises and lowers the body tube for focusing
A
Coarse Adjustment Knob
17
Q
The external knob that is used for final focusing
A
Fine Adjustment Knob
18
Q
Only use Coarse Adjustment Knob on the what?
A
Scanning Objective
19
Q
Only use the fine adjustment knob on the what?
A
Low and High power objectives
20
Q
On a microscope what do you always clean?
A
Ocular, Objectives, Condenser, and Light
21
Q
Keep what open when using a microscope?
A
Both eyes
22
Q
Locate your object through the what
A
Scanning objective
23
Q
Your microscope is what
A
par focal
24
Q
Always the nose piece or the stage before placing or removing a slide
A
Raise- lower
25
Putting away your microscope
1. Remove the slide
2. Turn off light
3. put scanning lens in place
4. turn adjustment knobs to position objectives as close to the stage as possible
5. Wrap cord around the base
6. cover microscope
7. use two hands to transport
26
If you move your slide to the left where does the image move?
To the right
27
if you move your slide away from you where does the image move?
towards you
28
How many times greater was the maginification on high power than on low power
4 times
29
The fundamental unit of all living organism is the what?
Cell
30
Each kingdom of organisms has different what?
Structural features
31
All cells are surrounded by what
Cell membrane
32
Transparent jelly like material spread all throughout the cell
Cytoplasm
33
Control Center for a cell
Nucleus
34
Plant cells have an extra covering called a what and lies where
Cell Wall- outside the cell membrane
35
The cell wall does what
Strengthens and protects the cell
36
Green part of a plant cell that allows it to carry out photosynthesis
Chloroplast
37
A nonliving, porous semi-rigid casing for the living organism
Cell Wall
38
The viscous, granular mass of protoplasm, gray or blue in appearance depending on the stain
Cytoplasm
39
A selectively permeable covering around the protoplasm that regulates transported materials
Cell Membrane
40
A clear area in cell that is not occupied by cytoplasm and is not present in young cells (often found in the center)
Vacuole
41
Any structure of the cell with specific functions
Organelle
42
Watery solution filling vacuoles
Cell sap
43
The organelle containing the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells, usually visible as a round body darker in color than the cytoplasm
Nucleus
44
A green oval pigmented organelle varying in number
Chloroplast
45
One or more dark stained areas within the nucleus containing protein and RNA
Nucleolus
46
A flowing motion of granules causing the chloroplasts and other organelles to be pushed around
Cytoplasmic streaming (Cyclosis)
47
Feature in an animal cell which functions in cell division
Pair of Centrioles
48
Organelles only in plant cells
Cell wall, vacuole, ad chloroplast
49
Organelles only in animal cells
Centrioles and Lysosomes
50
Path of light through a microscope numbering each part of the microscope as the light passes throughout from the light to the oculars?
```
lighsource
diaphragm
condenser
stage
objectives
revolving nose piece
body tube
ocular
```
51
Plant and animal cells are alike in that both possess
Plasma Membrane
52
A student will be able to identify cells viewed with a microscope as plant cells because plant cells possess
Chloroplast
53
a plant cell organelle that stores dissolved material is the_____.
Vacuole
54
Two organelles that are present in a plant cell but are not present in an animal cell include:
Chloroplast and cell wall
55
a chemical substance (green pigment) that is present in Elodea cell, but is not present in the onion skin cell, is______.
Chlorophyll
56
a structure having a similar function in both plant and animal cells is the ______
Plasma Membrane
57
a cell that possesses chlorophyll usually also possesses a
Cell wall
58
The microscopically visible structures of a stained cheek cell are the
nucleus
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
59
the structure in a cheek cell appearing darker by absorbing most of the stain is the
Nucleus
60
the shape of an elodea cell is described as
Elongated rectangles
61
the green spheroid organelles within elodea cells are the
Chloroplast
62
the flowing motion of the cytoplasm, within the elodea cells, which cause the organelles (chloroplasts) to move, is known as
cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis
63
the center of most plant cells, such as elodea, appears to be empty. This is due to the presence of
A large central vacuole
64
cell structure that is common to both a typical plant cell and a
nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
65
When comparing Elodea cells with cheek cells, what is true?
Elodea cells have a cell wall, a central vacuole and chloroplasts, but cheek cells do not have these structures.
66
advantage of staining cells
to increase the contrast of cellular structures that would otherwise be transparent against a transparent background
67
cell structures that can be seen in a stained onion cell include:
nucleus, nucleolus and cell wall
68
an organelle that is present in elodea cells, but not present in onion cells is the
chloroplasts
69
an important cellular process that is performed by Elodea cells, but not by the observed onion cell is
photosynthesis
70
the organelle common to all types of cells, that encloses the cytoplasm and controls cell transport is the
Plasma Membrane
71
After observing an unstained slide with a microscope, which organelle enables you recognize or identify the cell as a plant or an animal cell?
Chloroplast
72
the membrane bound cytoplasmic storage organelle containing dissolved material is
Vacuole
73
organelle, found in an animal cell, but not found in a plant cell, functions in cell division such as mitosis includes;
Centriole
74
chemical compound in Elodea cells, but not in onion cells is
Chlorophyll
75
the structure that surrounds a plant cell, but is not found in an animal cell is
Cell Wall
76
One of the most important processes that occurs in living organism
Mitosis
77
The means by which a single celled organism reproduce, multicellular organism grow, and the process by which damaged cells are replaced
Mitosis
78
Mitosis occurs at different rates among carious
| organisms T or F
true
79
What is Mitosis dependent on?
Type of cell, location, and the organism's needs
80
In plant mitosis a _______ forms to divide the cell into two daughter cells
Division plate
81
In animal mitosis a _____ forms to pinch the cell into two daughters cells
Cleavage furrow
82
Animal cells also have centrioles which forms ____ and the ________ during mitosis
asters- spindle fibers
83
Plant cells form _______ from the microtubules present in the cytoplasm
Spindle Fibers
84
Mitosis occurs most rapidly in tissues that are no longer growing T or F
False, actively growing
85
What do we call this tissue in plants
Meristematic tissue
86
This tissue is found in areas of growth which include
tips of roots and stems and just under the bark called the cambium
87
Phase not apart of Mitosis
Interphase
88
Directly follows Interphase. The nuclear membrane breaks down, and the individual chromosomes begin to condense or shorten
Prophase
89
A cell plate develops across the center of the cell in plant cells only.
Telophase
90
Chromosomes are located across the middle, equator, of the cell
Metaphase
91
The chromatids separate from each other and begin to migrate toward the opposite poles
Annaphase
92
Referred to as the resting stage
Interphase
93
An indention called the cleavage furrow, separates the cytoplasm in animal cells and separates the chromosome groups, which in turn become surrounded by their own nuclear membranes
Telophase
94
DNA replicates or duplicates itself
Interphase
95
Nuclear division or mitosis is now complete with the appearance of two distinct nuclei
Telophase
96
Nucleoli reappear and Spindle Fibers disappear
Telophase
97
What would happen if cells could no longer undergo mitosis?
Cells would not be able to reproduce
98
Are any cells produced by any means other than mitosis?
Yes, when egg and sperm unite, they form new cells by combining instead of splitting from old ones
99
The collective sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in the cell
Metabolism
100
Every living organism carries out chemical reactions. T or F
True
101
It is essential to the life of an organism that these reactions occur at an extremely and at a safe
rapid rate- temperature
102
What speed up the rate of chemical reactions
Enzymes which are proteins
103
Without an , life on Earth would not be possible
increased reaction rate
104
Therefore, all of the reactions that occur in an organism have a what?
Enzyme
105
What does every enzyme have?
A specific shape that fits the shape of its substrate
106
The two molecules physically combine and form an enzyme-substrate complex when what happens?
An enzyme reacts with its substrate
107
Equation for Enzymatic Reaction
Substrate+ Enzyme --> End Product+ Enzyme
108
Substances that make it possible for cells to perform metabolic activities essential for life
Enzymes
109
The chemical reactions that occur in a cell are mediated by what
Enzymnes
110
May involve synthesis or breakdown of such organic compounds as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
The Enzymatic Activity
111
Each enzyme has a specific action that causes a specific change in a what
Substrate
112
A collective term for all of the chemical reactions occurring in a cell
Metabolism
113
The term for an organic catalyst that increases the rate of a metabolic reaction
Enzyme
114
After a reaction, an enzyme releases what
Product
115
A term for the type of enzymatic reactions in which substrates are broken down to form the products
Degradation Reactions
116
A term for the type of enzymatic reactions in which substrates are joined together to form the products
Synthetic
117
The substrates in today's experiment
H2 O2
118
The enzyme in today's experiment
Catalase
119
The source of the enzyme in todays experiment
Potato
120
The bubbling observed in todays experiment resulted from the formation of the what
02
121
High pH results in catalase activity
Low
122
Low pH results in catalase activity
Low
123
Neutral pH results in activity
High
124
The acid used in todays experiment
HCl
125
The base used in todays experiment
NaOH
126
In general, an inappropriate pH will an enzyme
Denture
127
Reactant in an enzyme-controlled reaction
Substrate
128
Organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds up a reaction in cells due to its particular shape
Enzyme
129
Substance that participates in a reaction
Reactant
130
Loss of proteins or enzymes normal shape so that it no longer functions
Denature
131
The sum of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
Metabolism
132
Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and where the chemical reaction occurs
Active Site
