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POB 1 > Lab Test #2 > Flashcards

Lab Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many hands do you use on a microscope and where would they go?

A

Two- one around the arm and the other under the base

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2
Q

The Bottom part on which the microscope rests

A

Base

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3
Q

The angular part of the frame

A

Arm

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4
Q

The part that holds the ocular

A

Body Tube

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5
Q

Lens at the top of the body tube, magnification of 10X

A

Ocular (Eyepiece)

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6
Q

The circular plate at the bottom of the body tube

A

Nosepiece

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7
Q

Lens with magnification of 4X

A

Scanning

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8
Q

Lens with magnification of 10X

A

Low-Power

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9
Q

Lens with magnification of 40X or 43X

A

High-power

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10
Q

Lens with magnification of 100X, may not be present

A

Oil Immersion

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11
Q

The platform on which the slide is placed

A

Stage

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12
Q

Two clips that hold the slide in place

A

Stage Clips

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13
Q

Provides built-in illumination (no mirror is needed)

A

Light

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14
Q

Located below the stage and regulates the amount of light passing through the stage

A

Diaphragm

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15
Q

A nonmovable lens located in the hole of the stage (does not affect magnification)

A

Condenser

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16
Q

Larger knob that raises and lowers the body tube for focusing

A

Coarse Adjustment Knob

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17
Q

The external knob that is used for final focusing

A

Fine Adjustment Knob

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18
Q

Only use Coarse Adjustment Knob on the what?

A

Scanning Objective

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19
Q

Only use the fine adjustment knob on the what?

A

Low and High power objectives

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20
Q

On a microscope what do you always clean?

A

Ocular, Objectives, Condenser, and Light

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21
Q

Keep what open when using a microscope?

A

Both eyes

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22
Q

Locate your object through the what

A

Scanning objective

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23
Q

Your microscope is what

A

par focal

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24
Q

Always the nose piece or the stage before placing or removing a slide

A

Raise- lower

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25
Q

Putting away your microscope

A
  1. Remove the slide
  2. Turn off light
  3. put scanning lens in place
  4. turn adjustment knobs to position objectives as close to the stage as possible
  5. Wrap cord around the base
  6. cover microscope
  7. use two hands to transport
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26
Q

If you move your slide to the left where does the image move?

A

To the right

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27
Q

if you move your slide away from you where does the image move?

A

towards you

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28
Q

How many times greater was the maginification on high power than on low power

A

4 times

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29
Q

The fundamental unit of all living organism is the what?

A

Cell

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30
Q

Each kingdom of organisms has different what?

A

Structural features

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31
Q

All cells are surrounded by what

A

Cell membrane

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32
Q

Transparent jelly like material spread all throughout the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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33
Q

Control Center for a cell

A

Nucleus

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34
Q

Plant cells have an extra covering called a what and lies where

A

Cell Wall- outside the cell membrane

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35
Q

The cell wall does what

A

Strengthens and protects the cell

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36
Q

Green part of a plant cell that allows it to carry out photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

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37
Q

A nonliving, porous semi-rigid casing for the living organism

A

Cell Wall

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38
Q

The viscous, granular mass of protoplasm, gray or blue in appearance depending on the stain

A

Cytoplasm

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39
Q

A selectively permeable covering around the protoplasm that regulates transported materials

A

Cell Membrane

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40
Q

A clear area in cell that is not occupied by cytoplasm and is not present in young cells (often found in the center)

A

Vacuole

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41
Q

Any structure of the cell with specific functions

A

Organelle

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42
Q

Watery solution filling vacuoles

A

Cell sap

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43
Q

The organelle containing the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells, usually visible as a round body darker in color than the cytoplasm

A

Nucleus

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44
Q

A green oval pigmented organelle varying in number

A

Chloroplast

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45
Q

One or more dark stained areas within the nucleus containing protein and RNA

A

Nucleolus

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46
Q

A flowing motion of granules causing the chloroplasts and other organelles to be pushed around

A

Cytoplasmic streaming (Cyclosis)

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47
Q

Feature in an animal cell which functions in cell division

A

Pair of Centrioles

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48
Q

Organelles only in plant cells

A

Cell wall, vacuole, ad chloroplast

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49
Q

Organelles only in animal cells

A

Centrioles and Lysosomes

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50
Q

Path of light through a microscope numbering each part of the microscope as the light passes throughout from the light to the oculars?

A 
lighsource
diaphragm
condenser
stage
objectives
revolving nose piece
body tube
ocular
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51
Q

Plant and animal cells are alike in that both possess

A

Plasma Membrane

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52
Q

A student will be able to identify cells viewed with a microscope as plant cells because plant cells possess

A

Chloroplast

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53
Q

a plant cell organelle that stores dissolved material is the_____.

A

Vacuole

54
Q

Two organelles that are present in a plant cell but are not present in an animal cell include:

A

Chloroplast and cell wall

55
Q

a chemical substance (green pigment) that is present in Elodea cell, but is not present in the onion skin cell, is______.

A

Chlorophyll

56
Q

a structure having a similar function in both plant and animal cells is the ______

A

Plasma Membrane

57
Q

a cell that possesses chlorophyll usually also possesses a

A

Cell wall

58
Q

The microscopically visible structures of a stained cheek cell are the

A

nucleus
plasma membrane
cytoplasm

59
Q

the structure in a cheek cell appearing darker by absorbing most of the stain is the

A

Nucleus

60
Q

the shape of an elodea cell is described as

A

Elongated rectangles

61
Q

the green spheroid organelles within elodea cells are the

A

Chloroplast

62
Q

the flowing motion of the cytoplasm, within the elodea cells, which cause the organelles (chloroplasts) to move, is known as

A

cytoplasmic streaming or cyclosis

63
Q

the center of most plant cells, such as elodea, appears to be empty. This is due to the presence of

A

A large central vacuole

64
Q

cell structure that is common to both a typical plant cell and a

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

65
Q

When comparing Elodea cells with cheek cells, what is true?

A

Elodea cells have a cell wall, a central vacuole and chloroplasts, but cheek cells do not have these structures.

66
Q

advantage of staining cells

A

to increase the contrast of cellular structures that would otherwise be transparent against a transparent background

67
Q

cell structures that can be seen in a stained onion cell include:

A

nucleus, nucleolus and cell wall

68
Q

an organelle that is present in elodea cells, but not present in onion cells is the

A

chloroplasts

69
Q

an important cellular process that is performed by Elodea cells, but not by the observed onion cell is

A

photosynthesis

70
Q

the organelle common to all types of cells, that encloses the cytoplasm and controls cell transport is the

A

Plasma Membrane

71
Q

After observing an unstained slide with a microscope, which organelle enables you recognize or identify the cell as a plant or an animal cell?

A

Chloroplast

72
Q

the membrane bound cytoplasmic storage organelle containing dissolved material is

A

Vacuole

73
Q

organelle, found in an animal cell, but not found in a plant cell, functions in cell division such as mitosis includes;

A

Centriole

74
Q

chemical compound in Elodea cells, but not in onion cells is

A

Chlorophyll

75
Q

the structure that surrounds a plant cell, but is not found in an animal cell is

A

Cell Wall

76
Q

One of the most important processes that occurs in living organism

A

Mitosis

77
Q

The means by which a single celled organism reproduce, multicellular organism grow, and the process by which damaged cells are replaced

A

Mitosis

78
Q

Mitosis occurs at different rates among carious

organisms T or F

A

true

79
Q

What is Mitosis dependent on?

A

Type of cell, location, and the organism’s needs

80
Q

In plant mitosis a _______ forms to divide the cell into two daughter cells

A

Division plate

81
Q

In animal mitosis a _____ forms to pinch the cell into two daughters cells

A

Cleavage furrow

82
Q

Animal cells also have centrioles which forms ____ and the ________ during mitosis

A

asters- spindle fibers

83
Q

Plant cells form _______ from the microtubules present in the cytoplasm

A

Spindle Fibers

84
Q

Mitosis occurs most rapidly in tissues that are no longer growing T or F

A

False, actively growing

85
Q

What do we call this tissue in plants

A

Meristematic tissue

86
Q

This tissue is found in areas of growth which include

A

tips of roots and stems and just under the bark called the cambium

87
Q

Phase not apart of Mitosis

A

Interphase

88
Q

Directly follows Interphase. The nuclear membrane breaks down, and the individual chromosomes begin to condense or shorten

A

Prophase

89
Q

A cell plate develops across the center of the cell in plant cells only.

A

Telophase

90
Q

Chromosomes are located across the middle, equator, of the cell

A

Metaphase

91
Q

The chromatids separate from each other and begin to migrate toward the opposite poles

A

Annaphase

92
Q

Referred to as the resting stage

A

Interphase

93
Q

An indention called the cleavage furrow, separates the cytoplasm in animal cells and separates the chromosome groups, which in turn become surrounded by their own nuclear membranes

A

Telophase

94
Q

DNA replicates or duplicates itself

A

Interphase

95
Q

Nuclear division or mitosis is now complete with the appearance of two distinct nuclei

A

Telophase

96
Q

Nucleoli reappear and Spindle Fibers disappear

A

Telophase

97
Q

What would happen if cells could no longer undergo mitosis?

A

Cells would not be able to reproduce

98
Q

Are any cells produced by any means other than mitosis?

A

Yes, when egg and sperm unite, they form new cells by combining instead of splitting from old ones

99
Q

The collective sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in the cell

A

Metabolism

100
Q

Every living organism carries out chemical reactions. T or F

A

True

101
Q

It is essential to the life of an organism that these reactions occur at an extremely and at a safe

A

rapid rate- temperature

102
Q

What speed up the rate of chemical reactions

A

Enzymes which are proteins

103
Q

Without an , life on Earth would not be possible

A

increased reaction rate

104
Q

Therefore, all of the reactions that occur in an organism have a what?

A

Enzyme

105
Q

What does every enzyme have?

A

A specific shape that fits the shape of its substrate

106
Q

The two molecules physically combine and form an enzyme-substrate complex when what happens?

A

An enzyme reacts with its substrate

107
Q

Equation for Enzymatic Reaction

A

Substrate+ Enzyme –> End Product+ Enzyme

108
Q

Substances that make it possible for cells to perform metabolic activities essential for life

A

Enzymes

109
Q

The chemical reactions that occur in a cell are mediated by what

A

Enzymnes

110
Q

May involve synthesis or breakdown of such organic compounds as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

A

The Enzymatic Activity

111
Q

Each enzyme has a specific action that causes a specific change in a what

A

Substrate

112
Q

A collective term for all of the chemical reactions occurring in a cell

A

Metabolism

113
Q

The term for an organic catalyst that increases the rate of a metabolic reaction

A

Enzyme

114
Q

After a reaction, an enzyme releases what

A

Product

115
Q

A term for the type of enzymatic reactions in which substrates are broken down to form the products

A

Degradation Reactions

116
Q

A term for the type of enzymatic reactions in which substrates are joined together to form the products

A

Synthetic

117
Q

The substrates in today’s experiment

A

H2 O2

118
Q

The enzyme in today’s experiment

A

Catalase

119
Q

The source of the enzyme in todays experiment

A

Potato

120
Q

The bubbling observed in todays experiment resulted from the formation of the what

A

02

121
Q

High pH results in catalase activity

A

Low

122
Q

Low pH results in catalase activity

A

Low

123
Q

Neutral pH results in activity

A

High

124
Q

The acid used in todays experiment

A

HCl

125
Q

The base used in todays experiment

A

NaOH

126
Q

In general, an inappropriate pH will an enzyme

A

Denture

127
Q

Reactant in an enzyme-controlled reaction

A

Substrate

128
Q

Organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds up a reaction in cells due to its particular shape

A

Enzyme

129
Q

Substance that participates in a reaction

A

Reactant

130
Q

Loss of proteins or enzymes normal shape so that it no longer functions

A

Denature

131
Q

The sum of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

A

Metabolism

132
Q

Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and where the chemical reaction occurs

A

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POB 1 (2 decks)

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