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Histopath lab > Lab safety in histopath > Flashcards

Lab safety in histopath Flashcards

1
Q

art of analyzing and interpreting the shapes, sizes and architectural patterns of
cells and tissues within a given specific clinical background

A

Histopathology

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2
Q

Provide the basic concepts about the principles and technicalities
involved in histopathologic procedures

A

Histopathologic technique

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3
Q

comprised of a number
of glass beakers for filling
different processing
chemicals

A

Automatic tissue processor

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4
Q

instrument with the help of which
sections of tissues are cut and the process of cutting
thin sections

A

Microtome

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5
Q

refrigerated apparatus
used in fresh tissue microtomy, for
freezing the tissue into the block
holder to correct degree of hardness
to facilitate easier and faster
sectioning.

A

Cryostat

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6
Q

Temperature of cryostat

A

-5⁰C
to-30⁰C (ave is -20°C)

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7
Q

a timing disc which
rotates after specific
intervals, and a specimen
container holding assembly.

A

Automatic tissue processor

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8
Q

used to float paraffin ribbons, to stretch sections and
remove wrinkle. The water temperature should be about 10 degrees below
the melting point of paraffin

A

TISSUE WATER BATH

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9
Q

It is one of the important
machines required in
histopathology for
processing organ and
tissues before being
embedded in paraffin wax

A

Automatic tissue processor

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10
Q

Removing moisture from samples

A

Laboratory oven

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11
Q

What is the temperature of tissue water bath

A

45 - 50C

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12
Q

2 functions laboratory oven

A
  • drying
  • dehydrating
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13
Q

optimizes
times during stain process to
maximize efficiency in obtention of
results for a timely diagnosis

A

Automated tissue stainer

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14
Q

equipment
that is used by both the pathologist and
the histotechnologist.

A

Microscope

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15
Q

examines the slide under
the microscope to identify a disease
process or an abnormality that will
directly affect the patient’s treatment

A

Pathologist

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16
Q

examines the same
slide microscopically for quality
control to determine whether all
technical processes are done properly
and if a slide of diagnostic quality has
been achieved.

A

Histotechnologist

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17
Q

3 objectives of the microscope

A

(1) it must magnify the object
(2) it must resolve the details
of the object
(3) it must make these details
visible.

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18
Q

microscope with more than
one lens and its own light
source.

A

COMPOUND MICROSCOPE

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19
Q

3 types of compound microscope viewing heads

A

Monocular Heads

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20
Q

light
weight and are inexpensive.

A
  • Monocular Heads
  • Binocular heads
  • Trinocular Heads
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21
Q
  • It is the most common choice
A

Binocular heads

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22
Q

more expensive compound microscope

A

Trinocular Heads

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23
Q

The main framework of the Compound
Microscope:

A

Base
Arm
Stage
Substage
Mechanical Stage

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24
Q

permits movement of
the stage while holding the slide in the
phase of focus

A

Mechanical Stage

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25
Q

located directly under the
stage and holds the condenser and
diaphragm.

A

Substage

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26
Q

the flat platform where the
slide is placed for examination.

A

Stage

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27
Q

supports and holds the magnifying
and adjustment system. It can be used as
a handle for carrying the microscope.

A

Arm

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28
Q

-provides support for the microscope. The base should be large and
solid enough to allow the microscope to
stand by itself.

A

Base

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29
Q

parts of the lens system

A

Nosepiece
Objectives
Focal length

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30
Q

located at the end of the body
tube for holding the objectives

A

Nosepiece

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31
Q

consist of a system of lenses located
at the end of the body tube that is held in place by the nosepiece and is closer to the slide under examination.

A

Objectives

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32
Q

purpose of the objective is to
increase or decrease magnification.

A

Objectives

33
Q

When one objective is focused
on the turret, all lenses will be approximately
in focus

A

Par focal

34
Q

the distance between outer lens
of objective and the cover glass of the slide
under examination.

A

Focal length

35
Q

the process that
increases the size of the structure
under examination.

A

Magnification

36
Q

the product of the
magnifying power of the
objective and eyepiece, with a
normal tube length of 160 mm

A

Total magnification

37
Q

process of ensuring and maintaining personal as
well as environmental health and safety in the
laboratory

A

Risk management

38
Q

must be
detailed to include control of hazardous substances, risk assessments, and other health
and safety information relevant to handling of specimens

A

Standard operating procedures

39
Q

The first step is to identify hazards that can potentially cause harm in the laboratory.

A

sop

40
Q

exposures to chemical hazards

A

Chemical Hazards

41
Q

Where can you obtain exposures to chemical hazards

A

can occur both during use and
with poor storage

42
Q

terms used to define the maximum allowable airborne concentration
of a chemical (vapor, fume or dust) to which a worker may be exposed

A

Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs), Threshold Limit Values (TLVs), or
Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)

43
Q

a regulatory limit on the amount or concentration of a substance in
the air.

A

PELs – Permissible Exposure limits

44
Q

represents the maximum level of an airborne substance that a worker
can be safely subjected to without being susceptible to harm or injury.

A

TLVs – Threshold limit values

45
Q

indicates the level of admissible exposure, for a length of time
(usually 8 hours), to a chemical or physical hazard that is not likely to
affect the health of a worker.

A

OELs – Occupational Exposure Limits

46
Q

Chemical label content

A

Chemical name and, if a mixture, names of all ingredients;
Date purchased or made;
* Expiration date, if known;
* Hazard warnings and safety procedures.

47
Q

Chemical Hazards

A

Irritants
Corrosive
Toxic materials
Carcinogens
Sensitizers

48
Q

Chemicals that cause reversible
inflammatory effects at the site of
contact with living tissue,
especially the skin, eyes and
respiratory passages

A

Irritants

49
Q

Cause destruction or
irreversible alterations
when exposed to living
tissue.

A

Corrosive chemicals

50
Q

Capable of causing death by ingestion,
skin contact, or inhalation at certain
specified concentrations

A

Toxic materials

51
Q

Substances that induce tumors in
animals and humans

A

Carcinogens

51
Q

Example of toxic materials

A

methanol, chromic acid, osmium
tetroxide and uranyl nitrate

52
Q

Example of carcinogen

A

chloroform, chromic acid,
formaldeyhyde, auramine, basic
fuchsin

53
Q

Cause allergic reactions in a substantial
proportion

A

Sensitizers

54
Q

slips and falls from working in wet locations and the ergonomic hazards of
lifting, pushing, pulling, and repetitive tasks.

A

Physical Hazards

55
Q

Other physical hazards often unnoticed are

A

electrical, mechanical, acoustic, or
thermal in nature

56
Q

Substances that ignite a certain
temperature

A

Combustibles

57
Q

What is flash point

A

In the USA, OSHA defines “flash point” as
100°F (38°C) while the Department of
Transportation defines it as 141°F (or
60.5°C).

58
Q

initiate or promote combustion and
present a serious fire risk when in
contact with certain substances

A

Oxidizers

59
Q

Example of oxidize

A

◦ sodium iodate, mercuric oxide
◦ chromic acid

60
Q

refer to anything that can cause
disease in humans, regardless of their
source.

A

Biological Hazards

61
Q

one of the most
important health hazards,

A

Allergens

62
Q

Hazards and Handling of Common Histological
Chemicals

A

Hydrogen peroxide
Methanol
Nitric acid
Xylene
Cryogens
Osmium tetroxide
Sodium hypochlorite
Sulfuric acid

63
Q

degree to which healthcare services strive
to provide accurate desired outcomes for
patients and are consistent with current
professional knowledge

A

Quality

64
Q

system of routine technical
activities

A

Quality control

65
Q

planned system of review procedures conducted by personnel not directly
involved in the laboratory process

A

Quality Assurance

66
Q

Getting the right test at the right time on the right specimen from the right
patient with right diagnosis and the right price.

A

data of QC provides the data for QA

67
Q

Quality assessment programs

A
  • College of American Pathologists (CAP)
  • United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service
68
Q

stained preparations from departmental archival records are used to
assess the quality of staining

A

selective system

69
Q

QA’s two distinct systems:

A

selective system
distributive system

70
Q

participating laboratories are asked to stain sections that have been
submitted by the scheme organizer

A

distributive system

71
Q

means that the report generated by
the lab are accurate.

A

QMS

72
Q

Effective QMS

A
  • Skilled
    histotechnologist/nicians
  • Proper specimen collection
  • Proper processing of
    specimen
  • Efficient processing of
    results
  • High quality of reagents
    and equipment
  • Preventive Maintenance of
    equipment
  • Continuous professional
    education of staff
  • Documentation and
    control
  • Proper coordination
  • Timely customer’s
    feedback
73
Q

Example of Pre-analytical phase

A
  • Collection of the right specimen
  • The proper fixation of the specimen
  • The correct identification of the spec
  • The timely transportation of the specimen
74
Q

Example of Analytical phase

A
  • Grossing
  • Processing
  • Procedure reliability using technical manual
  • Reagent integrity and efficiency
  • Cutting of paraffin sections
  • Staining
  • Slide labeling
75
Q

Example of Post-analytical phase

A
  • Diagnosis (hard copy) free of clerical errors.
  • Reports reaches the appropriate
    *
    clinicians/surgeons.
    Filing of paraffin blocks
  • Slides storage
76
Q

Average temperature of cryostat

A

15-20C

77
Q
A

Histopath lab (3 decks)

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