lab quiz 2

Question 1

What is IV therapy

Answer 1

fluids are put through a peripheral vein, goes to the circulatory system

Question 2

What is the purpose of IV therapy

Answer 2

• med admin
• fluid/electrolyte maintenance/replacement
• admin of blood products/TPN (total parenteral nutrition)

Question 3

IV therapy prescriber orders must specify…

Answer 3

• Name of solution
• Name of med or additive
• Vol to be infused (VTBI)
• Infusion admin time
• Rate

Question 4

Types of infusions

Answer 4

• Maintenance vs replacement fluids
• Continuous vs intermittent infusion (IVPB, IV push)
• Keep vein open (KVO, TKO)

Question 5

NaCl

Answer 5

sodium chloride

Question 6

NS (0.9% NaCl)

Answer 6

normal saline

Question 7

½ NS (0.45% NaCl)

Answer 7

½ normal saline

Question 8

D5W

Answer 8

dextrose 5% in water

Question 9

D5LR

Answer 9

dextrose 5% in lactated ringers

Question 10

LR (RL)

Answer 10

lactated ringer

Question 11

D5NS

Answer 11

dextrose 5% and 0.9% normal saline

Question 12

D5 and ½ NS

Answer 12

dextrose 5% and ½ normal saline

Question 13

KCl

Answer 13

potassium chloride

Question 14

isotonic

Answer 14

• provides no net gain/loss
• osmolality is the same as body fluids
• used for ECV replacement or to prevent deficit
• ex: 0.9% normal saline, LR

Question 15

hypotonic

Answer 15

• pulls water from ECF into ICF
• osmolality is less than body fluids
• ex: ½ normal saline

Question 16

hypertonic

Answer 16

• pulls water from ICF to ECF
• osmolality higher than body fluids
• ex: 3% or 5% NS

Question 17

expanders

Answer 17

• colloids (albumin), dextran, and hetastarch
• increases osmotic pressure to pull fluids into the vascular space
• have larger particles in fluid that have a stronger pull
• Increases urine output, decreases edema, raises BP

Question 18

IV therapy concerns

Answer 18

may lead to immediate serious reactions in pts due to rapid therapeutic effects

Question 19

IV therapy initiation

Answer 19

• It can be initiated by RNs, some LPNs
• Cannot be initiated by UAPs or CNAs/PCTs

Question 20

total infusion time

Answer 20

• Need to know total vol (mL) and IV flow rate (mL/hr)
• Total number of mL to infuse / mL/hr infusing at = total infusion time

Question 21

IV set-up

Answer 21

• ensure all supplies are intact
• always label and trace IV tubing

Question 22

primary administration

Answer 22

• Allows for continuous infusion and connects directly to the pt’s IV catheter/device
• Can be infused with gravity (gtt/min) or with an electronic infusion pump (mL/hr)
• Tubing and IV bags should be changed regularly according to CDC and facility policies - certain meds and infusions require more frequent changes

Question 23

Secondary (IV piggyback; IVPB) administration

Answer 23

Attaches the primary tubing at the Y-site port to deliver intermittent infusions

Question 24

pump alarms

Answer 24

• Air-in-line
• Upstream occlusion
• Downstream occlusion
• Infusion complete
• Low battery

Question 25

peripheral VAD

Answer 25

small, short, plastic catheter placed into a peripheral vein

Question 26

central VAD

Answer 26

longer, larger plastic catheter placed in a more central vessel

Question 27

IV line care

Answer 27

- Maintain patency (open, clear, smooth flow) - prevent contact with incompatible medications

Question 28

saline lock

Answer 28

IV site not in use that has been flushed/closed using normal saline flush

Question 29

heparin lock

Answer 29

IV site not in use that has been flushed/closed using heparin flush

Question 30

heparin flush

Answer 30

- device-dependent - help prevent clots from forming in the IV/central line

Question 31

circulatory overload

Answer 31

- systemic complication - too much volume, pt cannot handle - leads to heart failure and back-flow into lungs

Question 32

air embolism

Answer 32

- systemic complication - Pulmonary embolism symptoms (confusion, SOB)

Question 33

Bloodstream infection

Answer 33

- systemic complication - caused by improper tubing care/admin