Lab Quiz 2 Flashcards
Describe Kingdom Protista
- Domain Eukarya
-> OG thought to be Prokaryotes (Kingdom Monera) BUT ARE NOT - Simplest Eukaryotes
- Mostly unicellular (some multicellular)
- Members divided into: Free living microbes (no DZ) and Parasitic microbes (cause DZ)
- Diverse group of microbes: some look like plants, bacteria, animals, fungus
Name the Subkingdoms of Kingdom Protista.
TRUE or FALSE: Subkingdoms are considered a taxon
Subkingdom Protozoa (animal-like)
Subkingdom Algae (plant-like)
Subkingdom Slime Molds (fungus-like)
True or False: Kingdom Protista is composed of Prokaryotes.
False, Kingdom Protista is composed of the simplest eukaryotes.
Describe Subkingdom Protozoa
- Motile by using different structure to move.
- Phyla classification is based on locomotion
- are animal-like but are NOT animals.
Describe Subkingdom Algae
- Photoautotrops - self-feeders via photosynthesis.
- Division classification based on photosynthetic pigment (colored pigments)
- Are plant-like but are NOT plants
Describe Subkingdom Slime Molds
- Are fungus-like but are NOT fungus
What are the names of the different Phylum under SubKingdom Protozoa?
SMCA
- Sarcodina
- Mastigophora
- Ciliaphora
- Apicocomplexa
Describe the Specialized structure, Function, and other details about Phylum Sarcodina.
- Pseudopodia (false feet - cytoplasmic extensions)
- Function: Movement and phagocytosis (engulfment)
- Ex: Amoebas
Describe the Specialized structure, Function, and other details about Phylum Mastigophora.
- Flagella
- Function: Movement
Describe the Specialized structure, Function, and other details about Phylum Ciliophora.
- Cilia
- Function: Movement; Create water vortex, suction for feeding
Describe the Specialized structure, Function, and other details about Phylum Apicocomplexa.
- Adhesions (surface structure)
- Function: Gliding movement
What are the divisions of Subkingdom Algae?
ECCPR
- Euglenophyta
- Chlorophyta
- Chrysophyta
- Phaeophyta
- Rhodophyta
Describe the alternate name and other information about Eugleophyta.
- N/A
- Fresh water algae
- Ex: Euglena
Describe the alternate name and other information about Chlorophyta.
- Green Algae
- Freshwater Algae
- Chlorophyll (green ) pigment
Describe the alternate name and other information about Chrysophyta.
- Golden Algae
- Freshwater Algae
- Golden pigment
- Ex: Diatoms
Describe the alternate name and other information about Phaeophyta.
- Brown Algae
- Marine Algae
- Brown pigment
- Ex: Kelp forest in ocean (near ocean surface)
Describe the alternate name and other information about Rhodophyta.
- Red Algae
- Marine Algae
- Red pigment
- Found in deeper ocean layers (ocean floor)
Which of the following are freshwater algae?
Chlorophyta
Phaeophyta
Rhodophyta
Two of the above
Chlorophyta
Which of the following are marine algae?
Phaeophyta
Chrysophyta
Rhodophyta
Two of the above
Two of the above (Phaeophyta & Rhodophyta)
Describe Division Cyanobacteria:
- Cyano mean - “blue/purple”
- OG classed as Kingdom Protista (SK Algae) BUT ARE NOT = are Prok. = Kingdom Monera
-> FORMERLY known as Blue-Green Algae - Simplest photosynthetic organism
- Major producers of oxygen
What are the major procedures of oxygen?
Amoeba
Pseudopodia
Cyanobacteria
Euglenophyta
Cyanobacteria
Describe Kingdom Fungi
- Domain Eukarya = eukaryotic
Two major groups:
- Yeast (shiny and tiny)
-> Unicellular
-> Found in warmer environments (ex: body temp) - Mold (large, fuzzy, multicolored colonies)
-> Multicellular
-> Found in colder enviromnemts (ex: room temp)
Which of the following is wrong about yeast?
- It is multicellular
- It can be found in colder environments
- It can be found in warmer environments
- Two of the above*
Two of the above (It is multicellular & it can be found in colder environments)
Describe Mold (its major functions)
- Decomposes organic waste (ex: dead tree) by secreting extracellular enzymes (to digest waste)
- Absorb nutrients from decomposed matter through hyphae (extensive network on long, filamentous cells)
-> mode of aquiring nutrients UNIQUE TO FUNGI - Fungi are “saprophytic heterotrophs” or “saprobes”, which are organisms that lives off of dead or decaying organic material (rely on other organism for food)
True or False: Fungi are known as photoautotrophs.
False, fungi are “saprophytic heterotrophs” or “saprobes” meaning they rely on other organisms for food; lives off dead or decaying organic material.
Define: Hyphae
network of long, branching filamentous structures; used to absorb nutrients from decomposed matter
Define: Mycelium
collection/mass of hyphae
Define: Sporangium
spore-bearing structures (found at end of hyphae)
Define: Spores
released from sporangia through air
Describe Mold Spores
(production, location, reproduction)
- Mold can produce large numbers of various types of spores
- Spores contained in a specialized spore-bearing structures called sporangia/sporangium
- Spores are disseminated in nature through the air in large numbers for the purpose of reproduction
- Spores become the new hyphae → new mold
Describe the description and function of the hyphae
- FXN: absorb nutrients from the environment
- Consist of nuclei, cytoplasm and organelles (some have cell wall (septum) between cells)
- Two types based on presence/absence of cell wall
–> One long cell with multiple nucelli → non-septated hyphae
–> Multiple cells with a single nucleus per cell → septated hyphae
Which type of hyphae is composed of individual cells, have a septum and have a nucleus per cell?
Septated Hyphae
Which type of hyphae is composes of multiple nuclei and have no septum?
Non-septated Hyphae
Describe the uses of yeast and how they reproduce.
- Commercial use: in the alcohol and bread-making industries
- Most fungi reproduce by budding (asexual reproduction)
–> Small portion of parent cell “pinches off” or buds off to become a daughter cell
True or False: yeast is an asexual reproduction that consist of even division to make a parent and daughter cell
False, yeast is an asexual reproduction that consists of uneven division to create a parent and daughter cell.
Binary fission (in bacteria) is about even division of parent cell into daughter cells.
What is the process that bacteria uses to reproduce?
Bacteria uses a asexual reproduction known as binary fission which is an even division of the bacteria to create two bacteria.
Know how to label hyphae, septum, sporangium, spores, and mycelium.
Check slide 6 on week 3 lab
Be able to label Amoeba: Pseudopodia, Nucleus, Cell membrane
check slide 7 in week 2 lab
