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Microbiology > Lab Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is this organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

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1
Q

Define Differential Media

A

Allows us to distinguish between different types of microorganisms based on how they will be visualized on the media.

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2
Q

Type of Staining

A

Simple

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3
Q

What is this organism?

A

Escherichia coli

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3
Q

Define Selective Media

A

Selectively inhibits growth of certain strains of microorganisms while letting others grow.

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4
Q

3 ways of practicing aseptic technique

A

1) Avoid contaminating sterile plates with air 2) Hold plate upside down when you streak it. Avoid prolonged exposure to air. 3) Tip of swab should only come in contact with area you are sampling.

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5
Q

Concentration = ________/________

A

=Aliquot vol/total volume

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6
Q

Define magnification

A

the apparent increase in size of an object

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6
Q

Define viral plaque

A

A visible structure formed within bacterial cultures within some nutrient medium (e.g. agar). The bacteriophage viruses replicate and spread, thus generating regions of cell destructions known as plaques

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7
Q

Define binary fission

A

Rapid asexual reproduction

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8
Q

Bacteria with mycolic acid in cell wall will appear gram ______.

A

Positive

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9
Q

Define aseptic technique

A

Defined as: Introduce bacterial sample without contaminating culture

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10
Q

What temperature do we incubate the plates and why?

A

37*C because that’s body temperature

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11
Q

Benefit of Serial Dilution vs Streak Plate

A

With serial dilution, you can quanitiate

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12
Q

TEM or SEM: Sample is killed

A

TEM

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12
Q

With TEM, you can see _______.

A

Internal structure details (like organelles)

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12
Q

Type of Staining

A

Flagellar

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12
Q

Type of Microscope

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

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12
Q

What type of microorganism is Treponema pallidum?

A

Spirillum (spirochete) bacteria

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12
Q

Causative agent of syphillis is _______

A

Treponema pallidum

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13
Q

Why do we need to stain bacterial slides?

A

To have contrast so we can observe them

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14
Q

Order of reagent use in gram staining

A

Crystal violet, iodine, ethanol, safranin

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15
Q

Why must the bacterial sample be completely dry before heat-fixing?

A

Cell lysis could occur

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16
Q

Define Generalized Media

A

Media designed to grow the largest number of microorganisms possible

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18
Q

The smaller the wavelength, the ______ the resolution

A

better

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19
Q

Define ubiquitous

A

Defined as: Everywhere with sufficient water

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19
Q

Microorganism that acts as normal flora in GI tract

A

E. Coli

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21
Q

What is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness?

A

Trypanosoma gambiense

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21
Q

Define resolution

A

the ability to see two points as separate and distinct

22
Q

Why do we invert the plates in the incubator?

A

Condensation accumulates

23
Q

With SEM, you can see _______.

A

Outside surface, external structures, but can’t see inside

25
Q

Define refractive index

A

indication of how much the material bend light*. Air is the standard

26
Q

What is this organism?

A

Giardia intestinalis

27
Q

Define Enriched Media

A

Contain more nutrients than generalized media and can be used to grow fastidious microorganisms.

28
Q

Define Aliquot

A

Volume removed

29
Q

Why should stain never be placed on a warm slide or allowed to dry on a slide?

A

Will result in crystal formation

30
Q

What is Trypanosoma gambiense?

A

Protozoan worm form spread with tsetse fly vector

31
Q

What is a mordant stain and give example

A

Any stain to help another stain bind. Gram’s iodine

32
Q

If substances have the same refractive index, light ______.

If substances have different refractive indexes, light _______.

A

Travels straight through; refracts

34
Q

Define colonies

A

Defined as: Group of genetically identical bacteria from one original cell

34
Q

Compared to light microscopes, electron microscopes have _______ wavelengths.

A

Smaller

35
Q

What is unique about acid-fast bacterial structure?

A

Mycolic acid in cell wall that binds to carbolfuchsin

36
Q

What is this organism?

A

Trypanosoma gambiense

37
Q

What species is Giardia intestinalis?

A

Protozoan disease found in contaminated water that causes traveler’s diarrhea

37
Q

Light passes through _____ into the _____

A

specimen; objective lens

38
Q

Define bacterial lawn

A

Used to describe the appearance of bacterial colonies when all the individual colonies on a petri-dish agar plate merge to form a field or mat of bacteria

39
Q

Gram Staining & Morphology of:

  1. Rhodospirillium rubrum
  2. Escherichia coli
  3. Bacillus subtillus
A
  1. (-); spirillum
  2. (-); bacillus
  3. (+); streptobacillus
41
Q

Type of Microscope

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

42
Q

Define vector

A

Carrier of infectious agent; capable of transmitting infection from one host to another

43
Q

How does a spectrophotometer work?

A

Turbitity

Bacterial cells will scatter light whether alive or dead

Can tell relative concentrations (sample 1 vs 2) but can’t tell numbers

Qualitative, not quantitative

45
Q

Type of Staining

A

Negative

47
Q

3 Types of Differential Stains

A

Acid-Fast, Gram, Endospore

48
Q

What type of microorganism is Escherichia coli?

A

Bacillus baceria

49
Q

Colony counts have to be between what numbers in order to be viable?

A

30-300

51
Q

What is Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

Protozoan disease that causes cryptosporidiosis

53
Q

Coloring specimens with stain increases _______ & ______.

A

contrast, resolution

55
Q

Total magnification = _______+_______

A

magnification of objective lens X magnification of ocular lens

57
Q

Primary stain for endospore staining is ________

A

malachite

59
Q

Define Bacterial Smear

A

(thin film) of microorganisms made prior to staining

60
Q

With oil, you have _____ light going through to the objective, giving you _____ resolution

A

more, better

61
Q

Define contrast

A

differences in intensity between two objects, or between an object and background

62
Q

Define refraction

A

the bending of light through a substance

63
Q

What does a negative stain stain?

A

The background, not the bacteria

64
Q

Type of Staining

A

Acid-Fast

65
Q

How does the autoclave work to sterilize media?

A

Subjects media to high pressure saturated steam (15 lbs) @ 121*C for 15 minutes. Kills endospores

66
Q

What is this organism?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

67
Q

Type of Staining

A

Endospore

68
Q

What type of microorganism is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

Diplococcus bacteria

69
Q

What is this organism?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

70
Q

Primary stain for acid-fast staining is _______.

A

Carbolfuchsin

71
Q

What is the most common waterborne pathogen in the US?

A

Cryptosporidium parvum

Microbiology (5 decks)

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