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Anatomy 152 > Lab Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy def’n

A

Study of the Human body’s structure/form

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2
Q

Physiology def’n

A

Study of human body function

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3
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the nervous system?

A

Organs: brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves and sense organs

Function: controls and integrates body activities within and outside of the body

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4
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the integumentary system?

A

Organs: Skin, associated sense organs, sweat and oil glands

Functions: protection, thermoregulation, prevents water loss, houses sensory receptors and involved in vitamins D synthesis.

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5
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the Skeletal system?

A

Organs: Bones, Cartilage, Ligaments and bone marrow.

Function: Support, protection, stores minerals and produces blood cells.

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6
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the Muscular system?

A

Organs: Skeletal muscle

Functions: movement, produces heat, posture and controls openings

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7
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the Endorcine system?

A

Organs: Pituitary and pineal gland, thyroid and parathyroid gland, thymus, pancreas, adrenal gland, testes and ovaries, endocrine tissue in other systems.

Function: Produces hormones allowing long term control of target cell metabolism.

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8
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the reproductive system? Male and female

A

Male organs: scrotum, testes, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, penis

Female organs: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary gland.

Function: Produces and maintains gametes and sex hormones, allows transfer of gamete’s, supports development of embryo and birth process and involved in lactation.

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9
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the cardiovascular system?

A

Organs: Heart blood vessels and blood

Function: Transports materials throughout the body, helps maintain temperature and balance.

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10
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the respiratory system?

A

Organs: Nasal cavity + sinuses, pharynx, larynx, bronchial tree, lungs.

Function: moves air in and out of the body, exchanges gases between air and blood, involved in pH balance and speech.

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11
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the Lymphatic system?

A

Organs: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus spleen, tonsils.

Function: takes fluid from leaked blood capillaries and returns it to blood, filters blood and houses immune system.

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12
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the digestive system?

A

Organs: Mouth, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, intestines, rectum, anus.

Function: Breaks down food, absorbs useful nutrients and voids residue as feces.

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13
Q

What organs and functions are involved with the urinary system?

A

Organs: Kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

Function: removes metabolic waste, maintains electrolyte, pH and water balance, and maintains blood pressure.

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14
Q

What are the 11 organ systems?

A
  1. Reproductive
  2. Respiratory
  3. Urinary
  4. Endocrine
  5. Respiratory
  6. Cardiovascular
  7. Nervous
  8. Integumentary
  9. Skeletal
  10. Muscular
  11. Lymphatic
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15
Q

What is another way to describe “towards the front”?

A

Anterior/ ventral

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16
Q

What is another way to describe “towards the back”?

A

Posterior/dorsal

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17
Q

What is another way to describe “above, towards the head”?

A

Superior

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18
Q

What is another way to describe “below, towards the feet”?

A

Inferior

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19
Q

What is another way to describe “towards the middle/midline”?

A

Medial

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20
Q

What is another way to describe “towards the side/away from midline”?

A

Lateral

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21
Q

What is another way to describe “towards the surface”?

A

Superficial

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22
Q

What is another way to describe “away from the surface”?

A

Deep

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23
Q

What is another way to describe “part of arm/leg that is closer to trunk/point of attachment”?

A

Proximal

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24
Q

What is another way to describe “part of arm/leg that is farther away from trunk/point of attachment”?

A

Distal

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25
Q

Based off regional terminology pg 10 where do the body parts go?

A
  1. Cephalic
  2. Cervical
  3. Thoracic
  4. Abdominal
  5. Pelvic
  6. Femoral
  7. Patellar
  8. Crural
  9. Orbital/ocular
  10. Nasal
  11. Oral
  12. Ancillary
  13. Brachial
  14. Antecubital
  15. Antebrachial
  16. Palmar
  17. Gluteal
  18. Popliteal
  19. Sural
  20. Plantar
26
Q

What are the Abdominal regions? (Left to right)

A

Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

27
Q

Abdominal regions? (Left to right)

A

Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal/iliac, hypogastric, left inguinal/iliac.

28
Q

What are the 3 body planes and what do they separate?

A

Sagittal: separates body from right and left
Transverse: separates inferior to superior
Frontal: separates anterior from posterior

29
Q

What are most body organs protected by?

A

Bones or layers of muscles called body cavities. Individual organs are also protected by smaller organ cavities.

30
Q

What are the components of body/organ cavity’s (Superficial to deep)

A

Parietal serosa: thin, smooth membranes that secrete serous fluid and lines body cavity
Pleural cavity: space between, filled with serous fluid, allows layers to slide without causing friction.
Visceral serosa: connected to organ

31
Q

What makes up the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Thoracic: Pleural cavity and pericardial cavity

Abdominopelvic: Abdominal and pelvic cavity

32
Q

What is the area between the lungs?

A

Mediastinum

33
Q

What is regulated at the cellular level

A

Physiological process

34
Q

Physiology involves ____________ within cells and ____________ between cells.

A

Chemical reactions

Chemical interactions

35
Q

What is physical isolation?

A

Intercellular and extracellular environment differ

36
Q

What is chemical signalling?

A

Ex. Receptor proteins, enzymes in membrane

37
Q

What are the 6 different membrane protein functions?

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Enzyme
  3. Carriers (interact with molecules)
  4. Ion channel
  5. Recognition
  6. Attachment
38
Q

Peripheral vs integral protein

A

Peripheral: located on inner or outer surface of phospholipid bilayer

Integral: embedded in the white bilayer

39
Q

What cell organelle would synthesize Glut-4 transporters?

A

Ribosomes

40
Q

What cell organelle would package Glue-4 transporters in vesicles for transport to the cell surface?

A

Golgi apparatus (body)

41
Q

What effect would insulin have on blood glucose concentration?

A

Decrease concentration

42
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Oxygen blood bonding protein found in the blood.

43
Q

What is glycation?

A

Getting sugar to stick to a protein

44
Q

What sugar would be bound to haemoglobin in a diabetics blood?

A

Glucose

45
Q

What are the 3 main mechanisms of movement in and out of cells? And what does this do?

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Transport proteins
  3. Vesicular transport
  • exchange materials between the ICF and ECF
46
Q

What does diffusion and what does it require?

A

Movement of material from a region with high concentration to one with low concentration.

Requires:
- concentration gradient

47
Q

What are cell membranes freely permeable to?

A

Lipid soluble substances and gases

48
Q

What is channel mediated diffusion? What are the three different types?

A

Passageways formed by membrane proteins that allow the diffusion of specific ions down the concentration gradient.
Can function as a leak channel: open all the time or a gated channel: stimuli open/close channel.

  1. Voltage gated: open or close in response to charge difference across membrane
  2. Ligand gated: open or close in response to binding chemicals
  3. Mechanically gated: open or close in response to stretch or distortion
49
Q

Solvent vs solute

A

Solvent: water
Solute: thing to be dissolved

50
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

51
Q

What are aquaporins?

A

Special channels that allow water to move across the cell membrane

52
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

Total solute concentration of a solution measured in Osmoles (moles of solute that cintribiyte to osmosis) per litre = Osm/L

53
Q

What is tonicity?

A

Relative solute concentration; compares osmolarity of 2 solutions separated by a membrane

54
Q

Hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic:

A

Hyper: solution with high solute concentration

Hypo: solution with low solute concentration

Iso: solution with equal solute concentration

55
Q

When water moves into an extracellular or intracellular compartment, it exerts a pressure called?

A

Osmotic pressure

56
Q

What is the function of transport proteins?

A

Transport small molecules via integral membrane proteins. This occur due to the possession of specific binding sights, however has limited number and can become saturated.

57
Q

What is it called when a transport protein caries molecules down a concentration gradient with no ATP required?

A

Facilitated transport/passive transport

58
Q

What is it called when a transport protein carries molecules against the concentration gradient (requires ATP)

A

Active transport

59
Q

What is it called when a transport protein carries molecules by using the energy of the ion gradient?

A

Secondary active transport

60
Q

What is the function of vascular transport?

A

Used to move large molecules or large volumes of fluid.

61
Q

Endocytosis vs exocytosis:

A

Endo: brings materials into the cell

Exo: moves material out of the cell

62
Q

What is the function of phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

A

Phag: consumes materials and bring into/out of cell

Pino: drinking materials to bring in and out of cell

Anatomy 152 (3 decks)

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