Lab practical 2- Ch. 7 Prep Flashcards
perforating canal
perpendicular canal-carry blood vessels deep into bone- run perpendicular to Haversian canals.
canaliculi
branching canals that connect lacunae.
Periosteum
most superficial tissue of bone
dens irregular collagenous connective tissue
Perforating fibers
Extensions of collagen fibers from the periosteum that anchor the periosteum to the bone. These are like the roots of the periosteum.
Osteogenic cels
Osteoprogenitor cells- can become osteoblasts
How do osteoclasts work?
Secrete enzymes the catalyze the digestion of bone ECM.
Concentric lamellae
lamellae rings the surround the central canal
circumferential lamellae
Surround the entire bone-just deep to the periosteum
What are the two forms of osseous tissue?
Compact and spongy bone
What do central canals contain?
blood vessels and nerves
What is the lining of central canal interior made of?
Endosteum.
Trabeculae
Tiny bone spicules inside of spongy bone.
What lanes the trabeculae
Endosteum
What are trabeculae composed of?
Lamellae- but not organized into osteons.
What are the two main chemical components of ECM of osseous tissue?
Organic Components- ground substance and protein fibers such as collagen fibers
Inorganic components- calcium salts (calcium hydroxyapatite crystals)
Short bones
bones of wrist and ankle
Flat bones
ribs, sternum, skull bones, and hip bones
Irregular bones
vertebrae, sacrum, some skull bones such as sphenoid bone
Sesmoid bones
Roughly oval located within a tendon-patella
Sutural bones
Small bones located between the flat bones of the skull
What are the zones bone moving away from epiphyseal plate?
Zone of reserve cartilage, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy and maturation, zone of calcification, zone of ossification.
Which yields bone growth, the epiphyseal line or plate?
Epiphyseal plates grow.
Synovial joints
Joints that don’t move- Sutures of the head
Amphiarthroses
Joints that allow little movement- costochondral joints
Diarthroses
Freely moveable joints
Fibrous joints
Consist of bones jointed by short collagen fibers- Most fibrous joints allow no motion and are synarthroses.
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
Sutures- skull
Gomphosis- between tooth and alveolus
Syndesmosis- between two parallel articulating bones like radius and ulna.
Cartilaginous joints
Bones united by cartilage- hyaline or fibrocartilage-allow some motion and are amphiarthroses.
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints
Symphyses- common type of cartilaginous joints- intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis
Synchondroses- bones joined by hyaline cartilage- epiphyseal plate
Synovial joints
True joint cavity- two bones joined by a joint capsule.
Plane joint
flat bones that glide- inter tarsal and intercarpal joints as well as movement between vertebrae
Condyloid joint
One bone that fits into he concave surface of another bone- radoiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints
Saddle
Like condyloid joints but permit greater range of motion- carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Hinge
Elbow, knee, and interphalangeal joints
Ball and socket
shoulder and hip
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Prevent hyperextension of the knee.
What are the three erector spinal muscles groups from medial to lateral?
Spinalis M.
Longissimus M.
Iliocostalis M.
