Lab Practical 1 Prep

Question 1

Simple squamous epitheilium

Answer 1

Structure: single layer of flat cells, centrally located flattened nucleus
Function: Substances have t across epithelium quickly
Location: Alveoli of lungs

Question 2

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 2

Structure: Short and spherical with central nucleus
Function:
Location: Linings of glands like thyroid, certain respiratory passages, and the kidneys.

Question 3

Simple columnar epithelium

Answer 3

Structure: taller than they are wide. Spherical nuclei (multiple) near the base of cell. Plasma membrane often has cilia or microvilli.
Location: Line certain respiratory passages and much of digestive tract.

Question 4

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Answer 4

Structure: looks as if it has cell layers but doesn’t. Nuclei are at different heights. Usually has cilia
Function:
Location: attached at basal lamina- found in nasal cavity and much of respiratory tract.

Question 5

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Answer 5

Structure: layers of flattened cells. Superficial flaky-looking cells
Location: close to surface of skin.

Question 6

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium

Answer 6

Structure: No keratin.
Location: Oral cavity, pharynx, anus, and vagina

Question 7

Stratified cuboidal/columnar epithelium

Answer 7

Structure:
Function: Found in lining of certain ducts and glands.

Question 8

Transitional epithelium

Answer 8

Structure: apical or surface cells are dome shaped, but flatter when stretched.
Function: Stretching
Location: Bladder and uterus.

Question 9

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

Answer 9

Structure: All three types of protein fibers-collagen, elastic, and reticular are present in this connective tissue
Location: basement membrane and the walls of hollow organs- acts as glue for tissue layers of these organs.

Question 10

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 10

Structure: Reticular fibers made by reticular cells
Location: spleen and lymph nodes- reticular fibers form a net to trap pathogens. Also found around blood vessels, and nerves as a support network. (often brown or black because of the type of stain used to prepare slides with this tissue type.)

Question 11

Adipose tissue connective tissue

Answer 11

Structure: huge cells called adipocytes with collagen fibers the ECM. Nucleus pushed to the periphery.
Function: Padding
Location: all over the body under skin and around organs.

Question 12

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

Answer 12

Structure: mostly collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles with little ground substance.
Function: Strength in only one direction
Location: Tendons and ligaments.

Question 13

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

Answer 13

Structure: Bundles of collagen fibers arranged haphazardly with no consistent patterns. Very strong.
Function: Support structures that require strength in many directions.
Location: Dermis of skin and joint and organ capsules

Question 14

Dense elastic connective tissue

Answer 14

Structure: Elastic fibers arranged in parallel bundles.
Function: Needs to both elastic and distensible.
Location: Blood vessels (needed for tolerating blood pressure changes), ligaments.

Question 15

What is cartilage made of ?

Answer 15

Chondrocytes located inside lacunae.

Question 16

Hyaline Cartilage

Answer 16

Structure: Mostly chondrocytes scattered in ground substance. Smooth glassy appearance.
Function: Creates frictionless surface for bones to articulate on.
Location: Covers the ends of bones where joints are formed. Ribs, sternum, nose, framework for certain respiratory passages.

Question 17

Fibrocartilage

Answer 17

Structure: ECM is mostly collagen protein fibers. (flannel sheet analogy)
Function: Tough and extremely strong but not smooth.
Location: reinforce ligaments and form articular discs (tough structure that improves the fit of two bones)
Location: Intervertebral disks, structures between tow vertebrae (shock absorbers).

Question 18

Elastic cartilage:

Answer 18

Structure: Filled with elastic fibers
Function: Stretch and recoil
Location: Ear and the epiglottis.