Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
epicranius frontalis
raises eyebrows
O: epicranial aponeurosis
I: skin of eyebrows
epicranius occipitalis
fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
O: occipital and temporal bones
I: epicranial aponeurosis
orbicularis oculi
closes eyelid
O: frontal and maxillary bones
I: tissue of eyelid
levator palpebrae superioris
opens upper eyelid
O: lesser wing of sphenoid bone
I: skin of upper eyelid
corrugator supercilii
draws eyebrows together and inferiorly (frown)
O: arch of frontal bone
I: skin of eyebrow
orbicularis oris
closes lips (kissing)
O: maxilla and mandible
I: encircles mouth
zygomaticus major
raises corner of mouth upwards (smiling)
O: zygomatic bone
I: skin and muscle at corner of mouth
buccinator
compresses cheek (whistling and trumping)
O: molar region of maxilla and mandible
I: orbicularis oris
platysma
tenses skin of neck (growling, pouting)
O: fascia of chest
I: mandible
superior rectus*
elevates eye and turns it medially
inferior rectus*
depresses eye and turns it medially
medial rectus*
moves eye medially
lateral rectus*
moves eye laterally
superior oblique*
depresses eye and turns it laterally
inferior oblique*
elevates eye and turns it laterally
temporalis
closes jaw
O: temporal fossa of temporal bone
I: coronoid process of mandible
masseter
prime mover of jaw closure (chewing)
O: zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone
I: angle and ramus of mandible
medial pterygoids
aid in grinding movements of teeth
O: sphenoid, palatine, and maxillary bones
I: mandible
lateral pterygoids
aid in grinding movements of the teeth
O: greater wing of sphenoid bone
I: condylar process of mandible
tongue*
speaking and chewing
sternocleidomastoid
flexes and laterally rotates head
O: manubrium of sternum and clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone
splenius capitis
extend or hyperextend head
O: vertebra
I: mastoid process
diaphragm*
prime mover of inspiration
external intercostals
elevate rib cage
O: inferior border of rib above
I: superior border of rib below
internal intercostals
depress rib cage
O: superior border of rib below
I: inferior border of rib above
scalenes
elevate ribs 1-2 (aid in inspiration)
O: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
I: ribs 1-2
external oblique
flex spine, rotate trunk, flex laterally, compress viscera
O: lower 8 ribs
I: linea alba and iliac crest
internal oblique
flex spine, rotate trunk, flex laterally, compress viscera
O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest
I: linea alba and costal cartilage of lower ribs
rectus abdominis
flexes and rotates vertebral column
O: pubic symphysis
I: xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs
erector spinae
prime mover of spine extension
O: iliac crest, transverse processes of vertebrae
I: ribs and transverse processes of vertebrae
quadratus lumborum
flexes vertebral column laterally (most often pulled muscle of back)
O: iliac crest and lumbar fascia
I: inferior border of rib 12 and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
pectoralis minor
draws scapula forward and down
O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
serratus anteriur
rotates scapula laterally and upward (punching, planks)
O: ribs 1-8
I: vertebral border of scapula
levator scapulae
elevates/adducts scapula
O: transverse process of C1-C4
I: medial border of scapula superior to spine
trapezius*
rotates, raises, and retracts scapula
rhomboideus minor and major
stabilize scapula, retract (adduct) scapula (squaring the shoulders
O: spinous processes C7 and T1-T5
I: medial border of scapula
pectoralis major
prime mover of arm flexion, adducts and medially rotates arm
O: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs
I: intertibercular sulcus of humerus
latissimus dorsi
prime mover of arm extension, adducts and medially rotates arm
O: spinous process of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
I: intertibercular sulcus of humerus
deltoid
prime mover of arm abduction
O: clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
teres major
synergist to latissimus dorsi (lat’s little helper)
O: inferior angle of scapula
I: intertibercular sulcus of humerus
supraspinatus
initiates abduction of arm (humerus)
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
infraspinatus
rotates arm laterally
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
teres minor
rotates arm laterally
O: lateral margin of scapula posterior
I: greater tubercle of the humerus
subscapularis
rotates arm medially
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
brachialis*
major elbow flexor
biceps brachii
flexes elbow and supinates forearm (rotates hand laterally)
O: coracoid process (short head)
I: radial tuberosity
triceps brachii
prime mover of elbow extension
O: glenoid cavity (long head)
I: olecranon of ulna
brachioradialis
synerist in flexing forearm
O: lateral distal humerus
I: styloid process of radius
pronator quadratus*
prime mover of forearm pronation
pronator teres*
pronates forearm
supinator*
supinates forearm
flexor carpi cardialis
flexes wrist and abducts hand
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: metacarpals II and III
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes wrist and adducts hand
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: metacarpal V
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes hand and fingers
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: middle phalanges of 2-5
extensor carpi radialis longus*
extends and abducts wrist
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extends hand and abducts wrist
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: metacarpal III
extensor digitorum
prime mover of finger extension
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: tendons into distal phalanges
extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and adducts wrist
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: metacarpal V
palmaris longus
tenses skin of the palm
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: skin and fascia of palm
ischiocavernosus
retards venous drainage and maintains erection of penis and clitoris
O: ischial tuberosity
I: penis and clitoris
bulbospongiosus
empties male urethra
O: perineal body and midline of penis
I: corpus cavernosum of penis or clitoris
lavator ani muscles
pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puborectalis
supports pelvic viscera, constricts anal and vaginal sphincters
O: pubic and ischial spine
I: coccyx
coccygeus
supports pelvic viscera
O: ischial spine
I: coccyx and sacrum
iliacus*
prime mover for flexing thigh (hip joint) or flexing trunk at thigh
psoas
flexing thigh (hip joint), flexing trunk at thigh, flexing vertebral column laterally
tensor fasciae latae
braces knee when walking
O: iliac crest and superior iliac spine
I: iliotibial tract
gluteus maximum
major thigh extensor
O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
gluteus medius
abducts and medially rotates thigh
O: upper lateral surface of ilium
I: greater trochanter of femur
adductor longus*
adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh
adductor magnus*
adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh
piriformis
laterally rotate thigh
O: sacrum
I: greater trochanter
gracilis
adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh
O: inferior ramus and body of the pubis
I: surface inferior to medial condyle
rectus femoris
extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
O: inferior iliac spine
I: tibial tuberosity and patella
vastus lateralis
extends and stabilizes knee
O: greater trochanter
I: tibial tuberosity and patella
vastus medialis
extends knee
O: linea apera
I: tibial tuberosity and patella
vastus intermedius
extends knee
O: shaft of femur
I: tibial tuberosity and patella
sartorius
flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee (sitting cross-legged)
O: superior iliac spine
I: medial proximal tibia
biceps femoris
extends thigh and flexes knee
O: ischial tuberosity
I: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
semitendinosus
extends thigh and flexes knee
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
semimembranosus
extends thigh and flexes knee
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia, lateral condyle of femur
extensor digitorum longus
prime mover of toe extension
O: lateral condyle of tibia
I: middle and distal phalanges II-IV
extensor hallicus longus*
extends the big toe
tibialis anterior
prime mover of dorsiflexion
O: lateral condyle and upper shaft of tibia
I: cuneiform and first metatarsal
gastrocnemius
plantar flexes foot
O: two heads, medial and lateral condyles of femur
I: calcaneus
soleus
plantar flexes foot
O: superior tibia, fibula
I: calcaneus
flexor hallicus longus
flexes big toe
O: mid shaft of fibula
I: distal phalanx of great toe
tibialis posterior
prime mover of foot inversion
O: superior tibia and fibula
I: tarsals and metatarsals II-IV
fibularis (peroneus) longus
plantar flexes and everts foot
O: head and upper portion of lateral side of fibula
I: first metatarsal and medial cuneiform
flexor digitorum longus
