Intro to Human Anatomy Flashcards
anatomy
the study of form
comparative anatomy
the study of bodies of different species
physiology
the study of function
comparative physiology
the study of biological functions of different species
organism
a single, complete individual
organ system
a group of organs with a unique collective function
integumentary system
components: hair, skin, nails, sweat and oil glands, etc
functions:
- protect deeper tissues
- synthesize vitamin D
- houses cutaneous receptors (pain, pressure, etc)
skeletal system
components: bones
functions:
- protect and support organs
- attach muscles
- blood cell formation
- storage of minerals (calcium and phosphate)
muscular system
components: muscles
functions:
- allows movement
- maintains posture
- produces heat
- manipulation of environment
nervous system
components: brain, nerves, spinal cord
functions:
- control system that responds to internal and external changes, activating the appropriate response
endocrine system
components: various glands, pancreas, testes/ovaries
functions:
- glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use
- epinephrine/adrenaline from kidneys cause HR to remain high after exercise
cardiovascular system
components: heart, blood vessels
functions:
- transport blood (liquid connective tissue), which contains oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc
lymphatic/immune system
components: red bone marrow, lymphatic vessels and nodes, thymus, spleen
functions:
- picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
- disposes of debris
- houses white blood cells (lymphocytes)
respiratory system
components: lungs, bronchi, trachea, etc
functions:
- keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
digestive system
components: esophagus, liver, stomach, intestines, rectum
functions:
- breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
urinary system
components: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
functions:
- eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
- regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
reproductive systems
components: prostate, ductus deferens, penis, testis, scrotum (male); mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina (female)
functions:
- produces sex hormones and gametes
