Lab Practical Flashcards
What are the spinal vertebrae groups in order?
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coxygeal
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
- 7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
- 12
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
5
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
How many coxcygeal vertebrae are there?
4
Which spinal curves are primary?
- thoracic
- sacral
Which spinal curves are secondary?
- cervical
- lumbar
What are primary curvatures?
- curvatures that develop prenatally
What are secondary curvatures?
- curvatures that develop postnatally from sitting and standing up
Describe cervical vertebrae?
- Cervical vertebrae are the only vertebral type that has transverse foramina.
- cervical vertebrae are small
- and have a short, bifid (split at the end) spinous process.
Describe thoracic vertebrae?
- look like a giraffe head from the lateral view with a long, sloping spinous process. - - They also have costal facets on the transverse processes (T1-T10) where they articulate with ribs.
Describe lumbar vertebrae?
- look like a moose head from the lateral view with a thick, broad spinous process.
- lumbar vertebrae have thin, extended transverse processes and large, distinct articular processes with almost vertical facets.
How do atlas and axis articulate with the occipital bone?
- The occipital condyles of the occipital bone sit on the superior articular facets of the atlas.
- The dens of the axis extends through the vertebral foramen of the atlas next to the anterior arch
What type of vertebrae is the hyoid associated with?
cervical
What bone articulates with the glenoid cavity?
the head of the humerous
Is the spine of the scapula on the posterior or anterior region of the scapula?
posterior
What two areas on the scapula does the scapular spine fall between?
- interspinous and supraspinous fossa
Does the acromion point medial or lateral?
lateral
What part of the humerus articulates with teh scapula?
- head of the humerus (proximal end) articulates with the glenoid cavity region of the scapula
What bone articulates with the humerus at the olecranon fossa?
the ulna
what is the structural difference between the medial and lateral epicondyle?
medial epicondyle is much more prominent and is next to the trochlea while the lateral epicondyle is much less prominent and next to the capitulum
Which bone is more medial the radius or the ulna?
ulna
Compare the shapes of the radius and the ulna?
- The radius has a flatter, more level head compared to the “U-shaped” hook of the ulna
What particular bone features occur where the distal end of the humerus articulates with the proximal end of the radius?
The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus
What particular bone features occur where the distal end of the humerus articulates with the proximal end of the ulna?
The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
Which carpal bone articulates with the radius?
scaphoid
WHich carpal bone articulates with the ulna?
lunate
WHich carpal bone best articulates with the thumb/ pollex?
trapezium
What is different about the phalanx bones of the thumb (pollex) compared to the other fingers?
- no middle phalanx on the pollex
Which tarsal bone best aligns with the big toe (hallux)
medial cuneiform
Which tarsal makes up the heel of your foot?
calcaneus
What are the three bones of the coxae?
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
Which bone articulates with the pubic symphysis?
ilium
Which bone articulates with the pubic symphysis?
pubis
Is the pubic symphysis bone or cartilage?
- cartilage
What bone feature is located where the three coaxae bones fuse together?
acetabulum
Does the head of the femur pint medial or lateral?
medial
What features do you use to determine anterior or posterior the tibia?
- The anterior side as the tibia is where the tibial tuberosity is located and the posterior side has the intercondylar eminence.
Is the pelvis heavier and denser in the male or female?
male
Which pelvis has a wider and rounded pelvic inlet?
female
What pelvis has a narrow heart-shaped pelvic inlet?
male
Is the pubic arch wider in females or males?
femalwa
What is the difference between male and female coccyx?
- The pelvic inlet of the female pelvis is wider and more oval while the male pelvis is more narrow and heart shaped.
- The male coccyx is more curved and the female coccyx is less curved and immobile.
Which brain regions are part of the diancephalon?
- thalamus
- epithalamus
- hypothalamus
Which brain regions make up the brainstem?
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata
Which brain region contains lobes?
cerebral hemisphere
