Lab Practical Flashcards
Pith
Tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Composed of spongy parenchyma cells that store starch
collenchyma and are they dead or alive
used to support the vascular bundle that have uneven, stretchy walls. they are alive
sclerenchyma and are they dead or alive
Inside is phloem and make up the bundle cap. Dead tissue
parenchyma and are they dead or alive
makes up the bulk of the plant tissues. They are alive and are found throughout the plant body and may serve in storage.
where does primary growth occur
occurs in apical meristems
where does secondary growth occur?
derived from secondary or lateral meristems. aids to the girth of the stems
what do modifications in leafs do?
enable the plant to better capture or shed water, climb, store materials, avoid predators, and trap other organisms.
needle or scale leaves and examples
keep their leaves all year long. reduced size and surface area allows for better water retention in dry environments. such as pine and spruce,
spines and examples
mechanical defensive structures common in desert environments. they deter herbivores looking to consume the plant for water. Ex. cacti, holly
succulents and examples
Thich fleshy leaves which retain lots of moisture due to a lower- surface to volume ratio. ex. sedum, jade, aloe
leaf tendrils and examples
spirally coiled structures sensitive to touch, when tendrils come into contact with a surface, the will coil around tp provide additional support for the plant body.
are all leaf tendrils leaf modifications?
no
storage organs and examples
thick fleshy scale-like leaves that sore either water or nutrients. commonly associated with plants that produce bulbs (a stem modification) examples - onion, tuplip, lilly
Trichome and examples
hair-like outgrowth of the epidermal cells of leaves. SOme are grandular and produce secretions. Ex. Tomato, Bgonia
Floatation and exmaples
Expanded airspace in the mesophyll of the lead (blade or petiole) provide buoyancy allowing plants to float and grow on the surface of water. Ex. Water lily, water hydrangea
Carnivorous
Specialised leaves designed to attract and trap insects, allowing for plant growth in nitrogen- and nutrient- poor soil. glands in the leaves produce enzymes that digest captured insects, providing that plant with a source of nitrogenous compounds. Ex. venus fly trap, pitcher plant.
Stem Tuber and examples
fleshy underground stem used as starch storage, Stem tubers tend to grow shallowly in the soil. Examples, potatoes and yam
Rhizome and examples
horizontal underground stem that sends out roots and shoots form its nodes. Examples; hops, ginger, iris
stolon and examples
shoot that grows along the ground, producing roots at its nodes, ex. strawberries
bulb and examples
short stem with fleshy leaves that serve as storage during periods of dormancy ex. onion, tulip, lily
corm and examples
short, hard undergroun dstem that serves as storage to help plants survive adverse enviornmental conditions ex. banana
stem tendril and examples
thin spirally coiling stem that attaches to nearby surfaces to support the plant body. ex grape
taproot and examples
large central root tending to be straight and thick. may have smaller roots branching from the large central one. ex. dandelions
fibrous and examples
thin branching roots. ex. grass, ferns
aerial and examples
above ground roots, which may intake water and/or nutrients directly from the air. ex. ivy, orchids
prop/stilt and examples
structural roots capable of holding up shoots that might otherwise fall over. Ex. corn, sugarcane
Root tuber and examples
similar to stem tuber, these are thickened storage organs that develop from lateral roots. Root tubers tend to grow deeper into the soil than do stem tubers, which remain near the surface. ex. sweet potato
light independent reactions
aka dark reactions, takes place in the outter of the stroma of the chloroplast. energy comes from light dependent reaction producers, ; ATP and NADPH and is the first stage of photosynthesis
light dependent reactions
takes places inside the stroma (thyklaoid membrane) and light energy is transformed to ATP and NADPH
calvin cycle
where the cycle of chemical reactions occur to take carbon dioxide and hydrogen carriers and transform it inot sugars aka glucose
1. carbon fixation
2. reduction
3. regeneration
Eukarya
Multicellular plants and animals and fungi
Eubacteria
true bacteria, earliest form of like cynobacteria
Archaea
prokaryotes that inhabit extreme envrionemnts - thermophiles and halophiles
