Lab Practical

Question 1

Pith

Answer 1

Tissue in the stems of vascular plants. Composed of spongy parenchyma cells that store starch

Question 2

collenchyma and are they dead or alive

Answer 2

used to support the vascular bundle that have uneven, stretchy walls. they are alive

Question 3

sclerenchyma and are they dead or alive

Answer 3

Inside is phloem and make up the bundle cap. Dead tissue

Question 4

parenchyma and are they dead or alive

Answer 4

makes up the bulk of the plant tissues. They are alive and are found throughout the plant body and may serve in storage.

Question 5

where does primary growth occur

Answer 5

occurs in apical meristems

Question 6

where does secondary growth occur?

Answer 6

derived from secondary or lateral meristems. aids to the girth of the stems

Question 7

what do modifications in leafs do?

Answer 7

enable the plant to better capture or shed water, climb, store materials, avoid predators, and trap other organisms.

Question 8

needle or scale leaves and examples

Answer 8

keep their leaves all year long. reduced size and surface area allows for better water retention in dry environments. such as pine and spruce,

Question 9

spines and examples

Answer 9

mechanical defensive structures common in desert environments. they deter herbivores looking to consume the plant for water. Ex. cacti, holly

Question 10

succulents and examples

Answer 10

Thich fleshy leaves which retain lots of moisture due to a lower- surface to volume ratio. ex. sedum, jade, aloe

Question 11

leaf tendrils and examples

Answer 11

spirally coiled structures sensitive to touch, when tendrils come into contact with a surface, the will coil around tp provide additional support for the plant body.

Question 12

are all leaf tendrils leaf modifications?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

storage organs and examples

Answer 13

thick fleshy scale-like leaves that sore either water or nutrients. commonly associated with plants that produce bulbs (a stem modification) examples - onion, tuplip, lilly

Question 14

Trichome and examples

Answer 14

hair-like outgrowth of the epidermal cells of leaves. SOme are grandular and produce secretions. Ex. Tomato, Bgonia

Question 15

Floatation and exmaples

Answer 15

Expanded airspace in the mesophyll of the lead (blade or petiole) provide buoyancy allowing plants to float and grow on the surface of water. Ex. Water lily, water hydrangea

Question 16

Carnivorous

Answer 16

Specialised leaves designed to attract and trap insects, allowing for plant growth in nitrogen- and nutrient- poor soil. glands in the leaves produce enzymes that digest captured insects, providing that plant with a source of nitrogenous compounds. Ex. venus fly trap, pitcher plant.

Question 17

Stem Tuber and examples

Answer 17

fleshy underground stem used as starch storage, Stem tubers tend to grow shallowly in the soil. Examples, potatoes and yam

Question 18

Rhizome and examples

Answer 18

horizontal underground stem that sends out roots and shoots form its nodes. Examples; hops, ginger, iris

Question 19

stolon and examples

Answer 19

shoot that grows along the ground, producing roots at its nodes, ex. strawberries

Question 20

bulb and examples

Answer 20

short stem with fleshy leaves that serve as storage during periods of dormancy ex. onion, tulip, lily

Question 21

corm and examples

Answer 21

short, hard undergroun dstem that serves as storage to help plants survive adverse enviornmental conditions ex. banana

Question 22

stem tendril and examples

Answer 22

thin spirally coiling stem that attaches to nearby surfaces to support the plant body. ex grape

Question 23

taproot and examples

Answer 23

large central root tending to be straight and thick. may have smaller roots branching from the large central one. ex. dandelions

Question 24

fibrous and examples

Answer 24

thin branching roots. ex. grass, ferns

Question 25

aerial and examples

Answer 25

above ground roots, which may intake water and/or nutrients directly from the air. ex. ivy, orchids

Question 26

prop/stilt and examples

Answer 26

structural roots capable of holding up shoots that might otherwise fall over. Ex. corn, sugarcane

Question 27

Root tuber and examples

Answer 27

similar to stem tuber, these are thickened storage organs that develop from lateral roots. Root tubers tend to grow deeper into the soil than do stem tubers, which remain near the surface. ex. sweet potato

Question 28

light independent reactions

Answer 28

aka dark reactions, takes place in the outter of the stroma of the chloroplast. energy comes from light dependent reaction producers, ; ATP and NADPH and is the first stage of photosynthesis

Question 29

light dependent reactions

Answer 29

takes places inside the stroma (thyklaoid membrane) and light energy is transformed to ATP and NADPH

Question 30

calvin cycle

Answer 30

where the cycle of chemical reactions occur to take carbon dioxide and hydrogen carriers and transform it inot sugars aka glucose 1. carbon fixation 2. reduction 3. regeneration

Question 31

Eukarya

Answer 31

Multicellular plants and animals and fungi

Question 32

Eubacteria

Answer 32

true bacteria, earliest form of like cynobacteria

Question 33

Archaea

Answer 33

prokaryotes that inhabit extreme envrionemnts - thermophiles and halophiles