Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biol 111 LAB > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 5 purposes for the Cell Cycle & Mitosis lab (lab 1)?

A
  • Know what happens during interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
  • Know the basic structure of eukaryotic chromosomes
  • Know the chromosome movement of mitosis
  • Know how DNA amount & chromosome number changes during a cell cycle
  • Recognize phases of a cell cycle under microscope
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 major events of the cell cycle?

A
  • Interphase
  • Mitosis
  • Cytokinesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of Interphase of the Cell Cycle?

A
  • It grows & performs regular maintenance

- This is where it replicates its chromosomes if it’s told to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the purpose of Mitosis of the Cell Cycle?

A

-This is where the replicated chromosomes are moved around to make sure that the 2 daughter nuclei have the same number of chromosomes as original cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose of Cytokinesis of the Cell Cycle?

A

-This is where the cytoplasm fully divides= creating the 2 daughter nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the Mitotic cell division serve a multicellular organism?

A
  • It allows the creation of new cells so that it can become an embyro & beyond
  • It also allows for replacement of dead/damaged cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the defining characteristic of Prophase?

A

-Chromosomes condense & mitotic spindle forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the defining characteristics of Prometaphase?

A
  • Nuclear membrane breaks down

- Spindle connects to kinetochore & starts to pull towards metaphase plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the defining characteristics of Metaphase?

A

-Chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the defining characteristic of Anaphase?

A
  • Cohesion protein is dissolved
  • Chromatids are pulled apart due to motor proteins moving along the kinetochore microtubules
  • Once they are completely pulled apart they are 1 chromatid chromosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the defining characteristics of Telophase?

A
  • Nuclear membrane reforms around both groups
  • As new nuclei form, chromosomes decondense
  • Spindle apparatus disappears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the defining characteristic of Cytokinesis?

A
  • It occurs during telophase but ISN’T part of telophase

- 2 daughter nuclei are now independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s the difference between a 2 chromatid chromosome and a 1 chromatid chromosome?

A

-A 2 chromatid chromosome has twice the amount of genetic material as the 1 chromatid chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where in the cell cycle does a cell have 2 chromatid chromosomes?

A
  • G2
  • Prophase
  • Prometaphase
  • Metaphase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where in the cell cycle does a cell have a 1 chromatid chromosome?

A
  • G1
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much DNA does a cell have during the G1 phase?

A

It has 2C (how much DNA in a gamete)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How much DNA does a cell have during the S phase?

A

-Since this is the time for replication, the cell grows from having 2C to 4C

18
Q

at what phases does a DNA cell have 4C DNA?

A

-During G2, prophase, prometaphase, anaphase, telophase

19
Q

What is the Mechanism for moving chromosomes in Mitosis?

A

-Via protein filaments (kinetochore microtubules) that attach to the kinetochore region of the centromere

20
Q

What is the role of Kinetochore Microtubules?

A

-They guide motor proteins that are located at the kinetochore to pull the sister chromatids apart during anaphase

21
Q

What is the mechanism that separates the sister chromatids?

A

-The kinetochore microtubules shorten while the motor proteins pull the chromosomes along the microtubules

22
Q

What is a Null Hypothesis?

A
  • Says that there isn’t a difference between the means of 2 populations
  • Any difference is due to chance
23
Q

What is an Alternative Hypothesis?

A

-Says that there is a difference between the means of the 2 population

24
Q

What would happen to the chromosome number if Meiosis did not occur?

A

-It would number each generation

25
What do Genes contain?
-The info that cells use to guide the production of proteins
26
What is a Locus?
-The particular location of a gene on a chromosome
27
What are Alleles?
-They are the 2 genes found on corresponding loci on the homologous chromosomes
28
What is a Centromere?
-It is the region where the spindle fibers attach
29
What are Homologous Chromosomes?
- They are chromosomes that are the same size & shape | - They also have their loci in the same order
30
What is a Genotype?
-It refers to the genetic composition of an organism
31
What is a Wild Type?
- It is the standard type you'd find in the wild | - In the drosophila lab the wild/original type was a fly w/ tan body, smooth wings& red eyes
32
What is the Wild Type in Drosophila?
Red eyes
33
How do the movement of non-homologous chromosomes relate to the feature of the genetic model used in lab?
-The alleles controlling a particular trait move independently of alleles controlling other traits
34
If you want to easily establish the dominance relationship between 2 alleles what must be true about their parent's cross?
- Both parents should be purebreds | - The trait that disappears in the F1 generation is a recessive allele
35
When do you use a T-test?
-You use a T-test in scenarios where there's an average
36
When do you use a X^2 test?
-You use a X^2 test in scenarios when trying to determine phenotypes and making sure that the model proportions are correct (greater than .05) or incorrect (less than .05)
37
How do you do a T-test?
- You must remember the equation which is x2-x1/su - After you get your t-value you must figure out the degree of freedom which is the total amount of data points & subtract 2 - Now that you have the Degree of freedom and the t-value we go to the t-chart and see if you accept or reject the null hypothesis
38
How do you know that you reject or accept the null hypothesis for a t-test?
- You reject it when the probability is UNDER .05 which means that there is strong evidence against the null hypothesis - You accept it when the probability is OVER .05
39
How do you do a X^2 test?
- we use the formula (O-E)^2/ E - After getting the x^2 value we find the degree of freedom which is the number of categories minus 1 - Then using these 2 values you go to the x^2 chart and determine if you accept or reject the null hypothesis
40
When do you reject/accept the null hypothesis for a x^2 test?
- If the probability value is UNDER .05 we reject the null hypothesis and say that the model proportions aren't correct - If the probability value is OVER .05 we accept the null hypothesis and say that the model proportions are correct
41
What is the relationship between the phenotypic notations of mutant & wild type?
- Mutants and Wild type phenotypic letters are ALWAYS OPPOSITE - Mutants can have upper case & lowercase letters to show that it is dominant or recessive - Wild type can only have lowercase letters with a plus superscript
42
What is a key concept about Wild type?
-THEY ARE NOT ALWAYS DOMINANT

Biol 111 LAB (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions