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Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

Terms to expect on the first Bio 110 lab practical

1
Q

What prokaryotes live in strange and hostile habitats?

A

Archaea

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2
Q

What prokaryotes have peptidoglycan cell walls?

A

Eubacteria

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3
Q

What is the defining feature of prokaryotes as a group?

A

No membrane bound nucleus

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4
Q

What eubacteria is spherical?

A

Coccus/cocci

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5
Q

What eubacteria is rod-shaped?

A

Bacillus/bacilli

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6
Q

What eubacteria is helical?

A

Spirilla

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7
Q

What kind bacteria feed on other things?

A

Heterotrophic

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8
Q

What kind of bacteria are self feeders?

A

Autotrophic

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9
Q

Requires oxygen

A

Aerobic

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10
Q

Does not require oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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11
Q

What major group of bacteria is photosynthetic?

A

Cyanobacteria

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12
Q

Non-photosynthetic autotrophs are called what?

A

Chemosynthetic autotrophs

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13
Q

What is the defining characteristic of eukaryotes?

A

Membrane bound nucleus

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14
Q

What eukaryotes cannot be identified as fungi, plants, or animals?

A

Protists

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15
Q

What eukaryotes contain cavities called alveoli just beneath their plasma membranes?

A

Alveolata

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16
Q

What alveolata is an apicomplexan found in blood?

A

Plasmodium

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17
Q

What is an apical complex?

A

A cytoskeleton apparatus

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18
Q

What alveolata is a ciliate (moves by cilia)?

A

Paramecium

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19
Q

What alveolata is a dinoflagellate?

A

Peridinium

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20
Q

What is a dinoflagellate?

A

A unicellular photosynthetic autotroph

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21
Q

What eukaryotes have fine hairs on their flagella?

A

Stramenopiles

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22
Q

What multicellular stramenopile has rounded, bulb-like ends?

A

Fucus

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23
Q

What multicellular stramenopile appears thin and whispy?

A

Sargassum

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24
Q

What unicellular stramenopile has a silica shell?

A

Diatoms

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25
Q

What group of protists have slender pseudopodia?

A

Rhizaria

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26
Q

What rhizaria has a silica shell with perforated holes?

A

Radiolaria

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27
Q

What group of eukaryotes have modified mitochondria?

A

Excavata

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28
Q

What type of excavata use flagella to move?

A

Euglenozoa

29
Q

What euglenoza excavata contains kinetoplast?

A

Trypanosoma

30
Q

What type of excavata has two nuclei?

A

Diplomonads

31
Q

What type of diplomonad excavata is a water-borne parasite?

32
Q

What group of eukaryotes have blunt pseudopodia?

A

Ameobozoans

33
Q

What type of ameobozoans move by way of pseudopodia?

34
Q

What is movement by pseudopodia?

A

Flexible extensions that reach out, attach, and then pull the amoeba along

35
Q

What type of amoeba was observed in the lab?

A

Amoeba proteus

36
Q

What eukaryotes have chitin cell walls?

37
Q

What distinguishes fungi groups from each other?

A

The type of sexual reproduction

38
Q

What group of fungi reproduce sexually by the hyphae?

A

Zygomycota

39
Q

What type of zygomycota was observed in the lab?

40
Q

What type of fungi reproduce by structures called asci?

A

Ascomycota

41
Q

What type of ascomycota that is used for baking and brewing was observed in the lab?

A

Saccharomyces

42
Q

What type of fungi reproduces sexually via basidia?

A

Basidiomycota

43
Q

What type of basidiomycota was observed in the lab?

A

Club mushroom

44
Q

What are proteins?

A

Polymers of amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds

45
Q

Each protein has at least…

A

One carboxyl group and one amino group

46
Q

Carboxyl groups typically have what kind of charge?

47
Q

Amino groups typically have what kind of charge?

48
Q

The ____ groups can also determine the charge of amino acids.

49
Q

What category of R groups matters for electrophoresis?

50
Q

What 5 amino acids have ionic R groups?

A

Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, and histidine

51
Q

The carboxyl group has what charge at low environmental pH?

52
Q

The carboxyl group has what charge at high environmental pH?

53
Q

What amino acids have a carboxyl group that can be negatively charged when the environment is at a high pH?

A

Aspartic acid and glutamic acid

54
Q

What amino acids have one or amino or imino groups that may carry a positive charge?

A

Lysine, arginine, and histidine

55
Q

What happens to an electrically neutral amino group at an low environmental pH?

A

Net charge of plus one

56
Q

When hydroxyl ions from a high environmental pH react with a positively charged amino group, what is the charge on the amino group?

A

Net zero charge

57
Q

What is the pH point that a particular protein will have no net charge?

A

Isoelectric point

58
Q

What is the independent variable of the electrophoresis lab?

59
Q

What is the dependent variable of the electrophoresis lab?

A

The net electrical charge on each protein

60
Q

What is the cloudy mixture in the permeability lab called?

61
Q

What happens when the cells are over saturated and burst?

A

The cells lyse

62
Q

What is the value used to determine the time required to reach one-half the maximum value indicated on the plot?

A

H50 (hemolysis 50)

63
Q

H50 measures what?

A

Time to lysis

64
Q

What were the three independent variables of the permeability lab?

A

Size of the solute molecule, the net charge of the solute particle, and the lipid solubility of the solute molecule

65
Q

What was the dependent variable in the permeability lab?

A

Cell membrane permeability

66
Q

What kind of molecules are not well controlled by the cell membrane?

A

Lipid soluble molecules

67
Q

What is the ratio used to determine how lipid soluble a molecule will be?

68
Q

What kind of molecules can not easily pass through membranes?

A

Water soluble molecule

69
Q

What is synapomorphy?

A

The new, defining characteristic/feature that a group shares

Biology Lab Practical (2 decks)

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