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Micro 2420 > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a colony derived from?

A

A single cell

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2
Q

What is a cfu?

A

Colony forming unit

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3
Q

Describe a bacterial colony that would be indicative of coming from the surfact of people

A
  • Small to medium in size
  • white, off-white, or yellow in color
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4
Q

Describe bacterial colonies that originate from water

A

glistening/shiny in appearance

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5
Q

Describe bacterial colonies that originate from soil

A

rough appearance, not shiny

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6
Q

Which of the treatments would be considered the most effective at sanitizing hand?

A

Soap and water followed byb hand sanitizer

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7
Q

What are the 3 components of ACC’s Hazard communication system?

A
  1. communication from your instructor
  2. material safety data sheets (MSDS)
  3. Hazard labels
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8
Q

What are the required PPE for lab?

A
  • Z87 approved safety eyewear
  • gloves
  • shoes that cover all of foot
  • lab apron
  • tie back long hair
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9
Q

What type of information does a typical chemical hazard label portray?

A
  1. category of the hazard (Health - blue, flammability - red, reactivity - yellow, personal protection -white)
  2. Level of Hazard (0 = no hazard, 4 = extremely hazardous)
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10
Q

Know the difference between a biohazard and radioactive materials label image

A
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11
Q

What are 4 tools used for aseptic technique?

A
  1. incenerator
  2. bunsen burner
  3. inoculating loop
  4. inoculating needle
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12
Q

What is a term that described cloudy growth in a broth?

A

Turbidity

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13
Q

What is a semisolid media?

A
  • also referred to as motility media
  • assessed whether an organism is mobile or not based on where growth occurs - growth only at site of inoculation is immobile while growth outside of that is considered mobile
  • uses stick and poke method
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14
Q

What is a solid slant media and what is it used for?

A
  • solid medium that provies larger surface area to grow microorganisms
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15
Q

What is a media solid plate?

A
  • Used as an agar plate, and provides the largest surface area for microbial growth
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16
Q

What is aseptic technique?

A
  • uses practices and procedures to prevent contamination from microorganisms
  • minimizes risk of exogenous contamination that may lead to infection in a healthcare setting
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17
Q

What are the different growth patterns that can occur in broth?

A
  1. control - no growth
  2. turbid - general cloudyness throughout
  3. pellicle - bacteria floating on top of the broth
  4. sediment - bacteria that sinks to bottom
  5. flecculent growth - bacteria that grows in clumps
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18
Q

What is the purpose of streaking a plate for isolation?

A
  • to produce isolated colonies of an organism on an agar plate
  • can be used to seperate organisms in a mixed culture of when you need to study colony morphology of an organism
19
Q

What are the 5 conditions that fluid thioglycolate broth/medium (FTM) provides?

A
  1. aerobic
  2. anaerobic
  3. facultative
  4. microaerophil
  5. aerotolerant
20
Q

What does fluid thioglycollate medium test for?

A
  • it tests the aerotolerance of bacteria
  • uses methylene blue indicator which shows color in the presence of oxygen
21
Q

What is the purpose of an anaerobic jar?

A
  • creates an enviornment where there is no molecular oxygen available for cellular respiration
  • a catalyzed reaction creates water in the form of condensation on the inside of the jar
  • methylene blue is used as an indicator - turns blue in presence of oxygen but is colorless in an anaerobic enviornment
22
Q

What are the different types of flagellar arrangements?

A
  1. atrichous - no flagella
  2. monotrichous - one flagella
  3. amphitrichous - flagella on either end
  4. peritrichous - all over surface
  5. lophotrichous - tuft of flagella (like a tail)
23
Q

What are the 3 different ways that can determine is a bacterium is motile?

A
  1. wet mount
  2. motility media
  3. flagellar stain
24
Q

How does the flagella stain work?

A
  • provides a method for viewing bacterial flagella by employing crystal violet in an alcoholic solution as a primary stain
  • Alchol evaporates leaving the stain around the flagella
25
Q

What is the mortant used for flagella?

A

Tannic acid

26
Q

What is the primary purpose of simple stains?

A

The simple stain is used to discern morphology - cell shape, size, and arrangement

27
Q

What are the stains typically used for simple stains?

A
  • methylene blue
  • safranin
  • crystal violet
28
Q

Are simple stains basic or acidic?

A
  • basic - the cell wall of bacteria are acidic so they react and accept the basic stain
  • can cause some distortion from the reaction
29
Q

Are negative stains basic or acidic?

A
  • Acidic - the dye is repelled by the cell wall of bacteria, but it stains the background instead
  • bacteria show up more clearly, no distortion
  • takes longer to dry
30
Q

What is the primary dye used for negative stains?

A

nigrosin

31
Q

What is the catalase test?

A
  • used to differentiate staphylococci (catalase-positve) from steptococci (catalase-negative)
  • catalase is an enzyme produced by bacteria that respire using oxygen, and it protects them from the toxic by products of oxygen metabolism
32
Q

What is the gram stain?

A

a staining method that differentiates bacterial species into two groups: gram-positive and gram-negative

33
Q

What is the primary stain used for the gram stain?

A

crystal violet

34
Q

what is the secondary stain used in the gram stain?

A

Safranin

35
Q

What is the mortant used in the gram stain?

A

Iodine

36
Q

What is the decolorizer used in the gram stain?

A

Ethanol or acetone

37
Q

What is an endospore stain?

A

it will display the presence or absence of endospores which can be used to identify specifc gram-positive bacteria in Bacillus of Clostridium

38
Q

What stains are used in the endospore stain?

A
  • Mahcalite green - colors the endospores
  • safranin - acts as counterstain, stains vegetative cells
  • water - used as decolorizer
39
Q

What us an acid fast stain?

A

A differential stain used to identify acid-fast organisms

40
Q

How are acid-fast organisms characterized?

A

by their wax-like nearly impermeable cell walls that contain mycolic acid

41
Q

What stains are used in an acid-fast stain?

A
  • carbol fuchsin - stains acid fast as pink
  • acid-alcohol - used as decolorizer
  • methylene blue - counterstain which stains non acid-fast organisms blue
42
Q

What is an example of a diagnostic test that uses acid-fast?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

43
Q

What is a capsule stain?

A
  • method devised to observe bacterial capsules
  • mixes india ink which stains the background providing a negative background to view cells and capsules
  • utilizes an acidic dye for background and basic dye to stain the cell purple
44
Q

What types of stains are used in the capsule stain?

A

A mixture of india ink (acidic background) and crystal violet (basic cell wall)

Micro 2420 (15 decks)

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