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BIOL 223 Lab > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomical Position

A

Patient is standing erect. Their arms are at their sides. Their palms are supinated. Their feet are together.

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2
Q

Define Superior

A

Refers to going up the patient’s body.

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3
Q

Define Inferior

A

Refers to going down the patient’s body.

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4
Q

Define cranial

A

Refers to going up the patient’s body, but is typically reserved for when you are talking about neurology or the vertebrae.

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5
Q

Define Caudal

A

Refers to going down the patient’s body, but is typically reserved for when you are talking about neurology or the vertebrae.

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6
Q

Define Anterio/Ventral

A

Refers to the front side of the patient’s body.

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7
Q

Define Posterior/Dorsal

A

Refers to the back side of the patient’s body.

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8
Q

Define Ipsilateral

A

Refers to two points on the same side (anterior or posterior) of the patient’s body.

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9
Q

Define Contralateral

A

Refers to something occurring on different sides (anterior or posterior) of the patient’s body.

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10
Q

Define Distal

A

When referring to a limb distal is further down the limb in question. i.e. the foot is distal to the knee

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11
Q

Define Proximal

A

When referring to a limb proximal is further up the limb in question. i.e. the shoulder is proximal to the elbow.

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12
Q

Define Medial

A

Refers to moving towards the center of the patient’s body.

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13
Q

Define Lateral

A

Refers to moving away from the center of the patient’s body.

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14
Q

Define Cephalic

A

Refers to the patient’s head.

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15
Q

Define Nasal

A

Refers to the patient’s nose.

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16
Q

Define Buccal

A

Refers to the patient’s face cheeks.

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17
Q

Define Cervical

A

Refers to the patient’s neck.

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18
Q

Define Axillary

A

Refers to the patient’s armpit.

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19
Q

Define Brachial

A

Refers to the patient’s arm.

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20
Q

Define Carpal

A

Refers to the patient’s wrists.

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21
Q

Define Palmer

A

Refers to the patient’s palm (grasping side of the hand).

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22
Q

Define Antecubital

A

Refers to the surface of the arm in front of the elbow.

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23
Q

Define Patellar

A

Refers to the large bone that covers the anterior surface of the knee.

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24
Q

Define Pectoral

A

Refers to the breast or chest.

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25
Q

Define Umbilical

A

Refers to the belly.

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26
Q

Define Inguinal

A

Refers to the patient’s groin

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27
Q

Define Femoral

A

Refers to the femur or thigh

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28
Q

Define Popliteal

A

Refers to the area behind the knee

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29
Q

Define Calcaneal

A

Refers to the heel

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30
Q

Define Lumbar

A

Refers to the vertebrae.

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31
Q

Define Gluteal

A

Refers to the buttocks

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32
Q

Define Coxal

A

Refers to the hip or pelvic bone.

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33
Q

Define Plantar

A

Refers to the sole of the foot.

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34
Q

Define Tarsal

A

Refers to the ankle region of the foot.

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35
Q

Define Pubic

A

Refers to the area situated in or near the region of the pubes or the pubis

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36
Q

Define Acromial

A

Forms the outer angle of the shoulder

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37
Q

Define Abdominal

A

Refers to the abdominal region of the body. superior to the umbilical.

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38
Q

Define Sagittal Plane

A

An anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections.

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39
Q

Define Frontal Plane

A

An anatomical plane that divides the body into Anterior and Posterior sections

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40
Q

Define Transverse Plane

A

An anatomical plane that divides the body into Superior and Inferior sections

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41
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Right hypochondriac

A

Upper right portion of the body. liver, galbladder, right kidney small intestine

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42
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Epigastric

A

Located top middle portion of the body. Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Spleen, Adrenal Glands.

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43
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Left hypochondriac

A

Located upper left portion of the body. Spleen, Colon, Left Kidney, Pancreas

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44
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Right Lumbar

A

Located middle right section of the body. Galbladder, Liver, Right Colon.

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45
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Umbilical region

A

Center of the body. Navel, Small intestine, Duodenum.

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46
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Left Lumbar

A

Located in the middle left section of the body. Descending colon, Left Kideny.

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47
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Right inguinal

A

Located in the bottom right of the body. Appendix, Cecum

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48
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Hypogastric

A

Middle bottom of the body. Urinary Bladder, Female Reproductive Organs, Sigmoid Colon.

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49
Q

Describe the location and organs contained in the Left Inguinal

A

Located in the bottom left of the body. Descending colon, Sigmoid Colon.

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50
Q

Define Abdominal Cavity

A

body space bounded superiorly by the diaphragm and inferiorly by the pelvis

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51
Q

Define Abdominalpelvic Cavity

A

body cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

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52
Q

Define Cranial Cavity

A

Space within the skull

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53
Q

Define Dorsal Body Cavity

A

fluid filled space which surrounds the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates.

54
Q

Define Mediastinum

A

is the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, part of the windpipe (the trachea ), the esophagus, and the great vessels

55
Q

Define Pelvic Cavity

A

body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis, inferior to abdominal cavity

56
Q

Define Pericardial Cavity

A

fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pericardium.

57
Q

Define Pleural Cavity

A

fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs.

58
Q

Define Thoracic Cavity

A

Chest Cavity

59
Q

Define Ventral Body Cavity

A

human body cavity that is in the anterior (front) aspect of the human body.

60
Q

Define Vertebral Cavity

A

posterior portion of the dorsal cavity

61
Q

Define Visceral Pericardium

A

inner layer of the pericardium. layer that touches the organ

62
Q

Define Parietal Pericardium

A

Outer layer of the pericardium. layer that Does not touch the organ

63
Q

Define Parietal Pleura

A

Outer layer of the Pleura. layer that Does not touch the organ

64
Q

Define Visceral Pleura

A

inner layer of the Pleura. layer that touches the organ

65
Q

What is the main system that secretes hormones?

A

Endocrine System

66
Q

What organ system provides an outer covering of the body?

A

Integumentary System

67
Q

What organ system produces gametes (egg and sperm)?

A

Reproductive System

68
Q

What organ system stimulates muscles to contract and interprets information from sensory organs?

A

Nervous System

69
Q

What organ system provides a framework and support for soft tissues and produces blood cells in red marrow?

A

Skeletal System

70
Q

What organ system exchanges gases between air and blood?

A

Respiratory System

71
Q

What organ system transports excess fluid from tissue to blood?

A

Lymphatic System

72
Q

What organ system has movement via contractions and creates most body heat?

A

Muscular System

73
Q

What organ system removes liquid and wastes from blood and transports them to the outside of the body?

A

Urinary System

74
Q

What organ system converts food molecules into forms that are absorbable?

A

Digestive System

75
Q

What organ system transports nutrients, wastes, and gases throughout the body?

A

Cardiovascular System

76
Q

Epithelium (Lab Packet 2)

A

Lines Body Cavities and covers the body’s external surface. Epithelial Cells can absorb, secrete, and filter. As well as synthesize hormones.

77
Q

Connective Tissue (Lab Packet 2)

A

Anchors, Packages, and Supports Body Organs. Abundant non-living extracellular matrix. Most widespread tissue in the body.

78
Q

Muscle (Lab Packet 2)

A

Pumps blood, Flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat. Major function is to contract.

79
Q

Nervous Tissue (Lab Packet 2)

A

Transmits Electrochemical Signals. Most involved in regulating and controlling body functions. Forms nerves and the brain.

80
Q

Simple Squamous Epithellum: Location and How you could Identify

A

Found in the Air sacs of the lung and lining of the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The cells show a flattened appearance (having considerable length and breadth but negligible height).

81
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Location and How you could Identify

A

Found in the ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubules. The cells are cube-shaped

82
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium: Location and how you could identify

A

Found in Bronchioles, uterine tubes, and uterus, Digestive tract and bladder. Simple columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide.

83
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Location and how you could identify

A

Line the Bronchi, Trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract. Looks like columnar but the layers are squished and nuclei not in the center.

84
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Location and how you could identify

A

Skin. looks similar to simple squamous but more abundant.

85
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: Location and how you could identify

A

Sweat glands, salivary glands, and the mammary glands. Looks like cuboidal but more abundant

86
Q

Transitional Epithelium: Location and how you could identify

A

Lines the bladder, urethra and the ureters. The cells can change shape and consists of multiple layers.

87
Q

Simple Squamous locations

A

Alveolar Sacs of the lungs, Forms the thin serous membranes; a single layer of flattened cells.

88
Q

Simple Columnar Location

A

Lining of the stomach

89
Q

Stratified Squamous Location

A

Epidermis of the skin

90
Q

Simple Cuboidal Location

A

Tubules of the Kidney

91
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Location

A

Lining of the Trachea

92
Q

Transitional Epithelium Location

A

Lining of the Bladder

93
Q

Adipose Tissue Function

A

Functions as heat insulator beneath sking

94
Q

Adipose Tissue Function

A

Functions as heat insulator beneath skin

95
Q

Areolar Tissue Function

A

Binds skin to underlying organs

96
Q

Blood (Lab Packet 2)

A

Contains Large amounts of fluid and lacks fibers

97
Q

Compact Bone

A

Cells Arranged around central canal

98
Q

Dense Irregular tissue

A

Main tissue of dermis

99
Q

Dense Regular Tissue

A

Main tissue of tendons and ligaments

100
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Forms framework of outer ear

101
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers

102
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Forms the flexible part of the nasal septum

103
Q

Reticular connective tissue

A

Forms Supporting tissue in walls of thymus and spleen

104
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Contains intercalated discs, Striated and involuntary, muscle that composes the heart

105
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Muscle that lacks striation, moves food through the digestive tract.

106
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Striated and Voluntary, Muscle attached to bone.

107
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Coordinates, regulates, and integrates body functions. contains neurons and neuroglia. transmits impulses along cellular processes

108
Q

True or False there are no blood vessels in the epidermis?

109
Q

Stratum Corenum

A

Outermost layer of the epidermis. COME Let’s Get Sun Burnt

110
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

Layer of the epidermis below the Stratum Corenum and above the Granulosum. Come LET’S Get Sun Burnt

111
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A

Layer of the Epidermis below the Lucidum and above the Spinosum. Come Let’s GET Sun Burnt.

112
Q

Stratum Spinsosum

A

Layer of the Epidermis below the Granulosum and above the Basale. Come Let’s Get SUN burnt.

113
Q

Stratum Basale

A

Bottom most layer of the epidermis. Come Let’s Get Sun BURNT

114
Q

Apocrine Sweat Gland

A

Become active at puberty. ATTACHED TO HAIR. Produces the BO smell. Does not thermoregulate.

115
Q

Piloerector Muscle

A

Causes Hair to stand on end and goose bumps to appear. Attached to hair.

116
Q

Dermis

A

Inner Layer of Skin

117
Q

Merocrine Sweat Gland

A

Responds to elevated body temperature. Thermal Regulation. Produces Sweat. Ducts go straight to top not attached to hair.

118
Q

Epidermis

A

General name of entire superficial layer of the skin

119
Q

Keratin

A

Hard protein of nails and hair

120
Q

Melanin

A

Epidermal Pigment

121
Q

Sebaceous Gland

A

Gland that Secretes an oily substance (sebum)

122
Q

Sebum

A

An oily secretion that helps to waterproof body surface.

123
Q

Stratum Basale: Function & General Location

A

Cell Division and deepest layer of epidermis

124
Q

Startum Corenum: General Location

A

Outermost Layer of Epidermis

125
Q

How does the skin of your palm differ from that on the back (posterior) of your hand? Describe the differences you observed in the type and distribution of hair on the anterior and posterior forearm.

A

Skin on palm has extra layer (Stratum lucidum) and no hair follicles. Fore arm anterior side little to no hair, thing. Posterior side thicker more dense hair.

126
Q

In which layer of skin are sebaceous glands found? how are sebacious glands associated with hair follicles?

A

Sebaceous glands are found in the dermis. Sebaceous glands produce sebum or oil that maintains hair follicles.

127
Q

In which layer of skin are sweat glands usually located?

A

Sweat glands are found in the dermis.

128
Q

Blood vessels and nerves are present in which layer of skin?

A

Blood vessels and nerves are located in the dermis.

129
Q

Shylaja is getting a henna tattoo, which is not permanent. The dye is applied to the outer surface of the skin and seeps inside. List the layers that the dye will encounter in order from the outside to the inside. Remember, it isn’t permanent, so think about how deep the dye will actually go. Why does the henna dye fade after a while?

A

The dye will go through Stratum Corneum > Lucidum > Granulosum

The dye is pushed towards the apical surface every time the epidermis regenerates and eventually the henna tattoo will slough off.

130
Q

Shylaja liked the look of her temporary tattoo so much that she decided to get a permanent one. In this kind of tattoo, the ink is applied using a needle that pierces the skin. How deep does the ink have to go in order for the color to be permanent?

A

In order for the ink to be permanent it has to be pushed all the way to the dermis.

BIOL 223 Lab (2 decks)

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