Lab One

Question 1

Cereal Crops

Answer 1

Grasses that produce edible grains (e.g.: wheat, rice, corn, barley, and sorghum). Store energy in their seeds as starch

Question 2

Grain Crops

Answer 2

The harvested portion of grasses, legumes, and other crops (e.g.: corn, soybeans, flax and buckwheat)

Question 3

Small Grains

Answer 3

Applies to wheat, oats, rye, and barley, because their seed is small relative to corn

Question 4

Row Crops

Answer 4

Grown in wider rows (corn, sorghum, soybeans)

Question 5

Pulses

Answer 5

Legumes grown for their edible high protein seeds (e.g.: soybeans, edible field bean, field peas, lentils, peanuts, chickpeas and cowpeas)

Question 6

Forages

Answer 6

Crops whose vegetative parts (stems, leaves, attached seeds or grains) are used for livestock feed (e.g.: alfalfa, clovers and smooth broomgrass)

Question 7

Hay

Answer 7

Forage that is dried to about 20% moisture and stored in air

Question 8

Silage

Answer 8

Forage harvested at 50-80% moisture and sealed in silos

Question 9

Fiber Crops

Answer 9

Plants grown for their fibers, used for clothing, rope, paper and baskets (e.g.: cotton, Flax, Hemp)

Question 10

Root and Tuber Crops

Answer 10

Crops harvested for their underground storage organs that are rich in starch (e.g.: Irish Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Cassava)

Question 11

Cover Crops

Answer 11

Crops grown to prevent soil erosion (e.g.: winter rye, hairy vetch)

Question 12

Companion Crops

Answer 12

Crops seeded with a small-seeded legume to provide erosion control, suppress weeds and for extra income (e.g.: oats, wheat)

Question 13

Green Manure Crops

Answer 13

Legumes or grasses that are incorporated into the soil while vegetative with the purpose of adding nutrients to the soil or enhancing soil quality (e.g.: Sweet Clover, Alfalfa, Hairy Vetch, Winter Rye)

Question 14

Recreational Turf Crops

Answer 14

Crops used for lawns, football and soccer fields (e.g.: Kentucky bluegrass, perennial rye grass, bentgrass, bermudagrass)

Question 15

Bioenergy Crops

Answer 15

(Biofuel Crops, Biomass Crops) Crops grown specifically for use as a dedicated source for production of liquid fuels (e.g.: Corn, Grain Sorghum and Soybeans)

Question 16

Nutritional-Use Categories

Answer 16

Classified according to the ways we use them nutritionally

Question 17

Sugar Crops

Answer 17

Sugar is obtained from these crops (e.g.: sugarbeets, sugar cane, corn and sweet sorghum)

Question 18

Oil Crops

Answer 18

Produce oil-rich seeds (e.g.: Soybean, Flax, Sunflower, Canola, Peanut and cotton)

Question 19

Protein Crops

Answer 19

Produce seeds that are naturally high in protein (e.g.: soybeans, peas, field beans, peanuts, chickpeas, lentils)

Question 20

Starch Seed Crops

Answer 20

Produce seeds that are high in starch (e.g.: corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, millet, sorghum and buckwheat)

Question 21

Starchy Root and Tuber Crops

Answer 21

Crops have starchy roots and tubers (e.g.: sweet potatoes, Irish Potatoes)

Question 22

Annuals

Answer 22

Complete their life cycle in one year or one growing season. The termination of their life cycle is seed production

Question 23

Summer Annuals

Answer 23

Planted in the spring months, grow during the summer months, and mature during late summer to fall (e.g.: Crops - soybean, corn, spring wheat; Weeds - Pigweed, Velvetleaf, foxtails, ragweed)

Question 24

Winter Annuals

Answer 24

Planted in late summer or early fall, grow vegetatively before winter, overwinter in a dormant state, and flower in the spring. Typically flower in response to the lengthening days in late spring (e.g.: Crops - Winter wheat, winter rye, some canola varieties; Weeds - Chickweed and wild mustard)

Question 25

Biennials

Answer 25

Complete their life cycle in two growing seasons. In the first year, biennials are vegetative and accumulate significant storage reserves in the fall of the seeding year. After overwintering, biennials flower, form seed and die (e.g.: Crops - sugarbeeet, sweet clover; Weeds - Wild Carrot, Bull thistle)

Question 26

Perennials

Answer 26

Plants that persist for three or more years or growing seasons. Herbaceous perennials have some type of specialized energy-storage structure such as rhizomes, fleshy taproots or corms (e.g.: Crops - Alfalfa, white clover, big bluestem, switch grass; Weeds - quackgrass, Johnsongrass, dandelion, and Jerusalem artichoke)

Question 27

Pseduo-Annuals

Answer 27

When biennials or perennials are harvested after only one growing season, they are called pseudo-annuals (e.g.: sugarbeet, cotton, alfalfa, red clover)

Question 28

Tropical Plants

Answer 28

Originated at or around the equator and between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. Often called warm-season plants and grow best in the warm climates, at temperatures above 50. Temperature below 32 kill tropical plants (e.g.: corn, sorghum, soybean, cotton, sugarcane). Corn and soybean are now grown extensively in northern latitudes as summer annuals plants. They are planted in the spring after the last killing frost and are harvested in the fall.

Question 29

Temperature Plants

Answer 29

Originated in regions of distinct seasonal change in temperature (e.g.: Alfalfa, wheat and barley). They are also called cool-season plants. In northern latitudes, cool-season plants grow best in spring and fall. In tropical and subtropical regions, temperature crops are used as winter crops.

Question 30

Subtropical Crops

Answer 30

Border the tropical and temperature regions. Grow best at warmer temperatures, but they tolerate some freezing temperatures.