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gen zoology > lab: mod 1 animal kingdom > Flashcards

lab: mod 1 animal kingdom Flashcards

1
Q

✓ Most primitive animals on earth
✓ Closely related to _
✓ _– no tissues and organs
✓ The body has ‘pores’ that make them appear as sponges
✓ Water enters the pores and exits through the _

A

PHYLUM PORIFERA

✓ Most primitive animals on earth
✓ Closely related to choanoflagellates
✓ Parazoans– no tissues and organs
✓ The body has ‘pores’ that make them appear as sponges
✓ Water enters the pores and exits through the osculum

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2
Q

✓ No neurons
✓ Sessile and often attached to a substrate
✓ The body has spicules that serve as an exoskeleton
✓ Spicules are composed of silica and calcium carbonate

A

PHYLUM PORIFERA

✓ No neurons
✓ _ and often attached to a substrate
✓ The body has _ that serve as an exoskeleton
✓ Spicules are composed of _ and _ carbonate

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3
Q

PHYLUM PORIFERA
3 types of cells

A

Pinacocytes
Choanocyctes
Amoebocytes

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4
Q

✓ _– form the outer layer of the
sponge
✓ _ – located inside sponges and
contain flagella that are used for capturing
food
✓ _ – mobile cells suspended in a
jelly-like material between two layers of cells.
Helps the sponges for growth and repair

A

✓ Pinacocytes– form the outer layer of the
sponge
✓ Choanocytes – located inside sponges and
contain flagella that are used for capturing
food
✓ Amoebocytes – mobile cells suspended in a
jelly-like material between two layers of cells.
Helps the sponges for growth and repair

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5
Q

PHYLUM PORIFERA
3 groups

A

Calcarea
Demospongia
Hexactinellida

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6
Q

✓ Small-sized
✓ Calcareous type of spicules
✓ Vase-like in shape
✓ Thrive in marine waters

A
  1. Calcarea
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7
Q

✓ Large-sized
✓ Spongin and siliceous type of spicules
✓ Thrive in marine and freshwater

A
  1. Demospongia
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8
Q

✓ Large-sized and tubular
✓ A.k.a glass sponges
✓ Six rays of siliceous spicules
✓ Thrives in deep sea

A
  1. Hexactinellida
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9
Q

Hydra, jellyfish, hard and soft corals, sea anemones

A

PHYLUM CNIDARIA

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10
Q

PHYLUM CNIDARIA
2 Forms:

A

Medusa
Polyp

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11
Q
  1. _ – free-swimming
  2. _ – sessile
A
  1. Medusa – free-swimming
  2. Polyp – sessile
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12
Q

2 Types of Germ Layers:

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Endoderm
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13
Q

✓ _ – a non-cellular, jelly-like substance found in between layers
✓ Composed of contracting cells, nerve cells, and cnidocytes.

✓ _– house stinging structures used for defense and capturing prey

A

✓ Mesoglea – a non-cellular, jelly-like substance found in between layers
✓ Composed of contracting cells, nerve cells, and cnidocytes.

✓ Cnidocytes– house stinging structures used for defense and capturing prey

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14
Q

PHYLUM CNIDARIA
4 groups

A

Anthozoa
Hydrozoa
Scyphozoa
Cubozoa

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15
Q

✓ Corals and sea anemones
✓ Polyp stage only

A
  1. Anthozoa
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16
Q

✓ Hydra and Portuguese man o’ war
✓ Exhibit alternation of medusa and polyp stages

A
  1. HYDROZOA
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17
Q

✓ Jellyfishes
✓ Medusa stage is more dominant than the polyp stage

A
  1. SCYPHOZOA
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18
Q

✓ Seawasps and tropical box jellyfish
✓ Medusa stage is more dominant than the polyp stage
✓ Cube-shaped and well-developed eyes
✓ Most dangerous

A
  1. CUBOZOA
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19
Q

Planaria, tapeworms, blood flukes, and liver flukes

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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20
Q

✓ Flatworms
✓ Dorso-ventrally flattened
✓ Bilateral symmetry
✓ Incomplete digestive system
✓ No circulatory and respiratory systems
✓ Mostly parasitic

A

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES

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21
Q

PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
3 classes

A
  1. Turbellaria
  2. Trematoda
  3. Cestoda
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22
Q

✓ Planaria and tiger flatworms
✓ Free-living
✓ Non-parasitic

A
  1. Turbellaria
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23
Q

✓ Schistosoma and liver flukes
✓ Parasites that feed on bodily fluids
✓ Infection is acquired from drinking or wading in contaminated water with fluke larvae

A
  1. Trematoda
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24
Q

✓ Tapeworms
✓ Parasitic
✓ Thrive in the guts
✓ Small head with suckers and hooks
✓ The body is segmented and contains both ovaries and testes

A
  1. Cestoda
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25
Q

Ascaris, filarial worms, pinworms, and
hookworms

A

Phylum Nematoda

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26
Q

✓ Roundworms
✓ Most abundant and diverse worms
✓ Complete digestive system – mouth, pharynx, intestine, and anus
✓ No circulatory and respiratory system
✓ Sexes are separated

A

PHYLUM NEMATODA

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27
Q

✓ Cylindrical bodies that is pointed on both ends
✓ Rounded cross-section
✓ Thick elastic cuticle
✓ Longitudinal muscles
✓ Many medically and economically important parasites

A

PHYLUM NEMATODA

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28
Q

PHYLUM NEMATODA
4 groups

A
  1. Pinworms
  2. Ascaris
  3. Hookworms
  4. Guinea Worms
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29
Q

✓ Found in the guts
✓ Infections occur upon swallowing the eggs from contaminated objects/surfaces

A
  1. Pinworms
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30
Q

✓ Large worms (20 cm)
✓ Parasitic
✓ Found in the guts of humans and pigs

A
  1. Ascaris
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31
Q

✓ Large worms (20 cm)
✓ Parasitic
✓ Found in the guts of humans and pigs

A
  1. Hookworms
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32
Q

✓ Found in the guts and connective tissues
✓ Thrive in contaminated waters

A
  1. Guinea Worms
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33
Q

Clams, snails, oysters, squids, octopuses

A

Phylum Mollusca

34
Q

✓ Complete digestive system
✓ Ventrally, the body has a soft muscular foot
✓ Dorsally, there is a visceral hump containing the organs
✓ A shell protects the visceral hump

A

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA

35
Q

✓ Rasping tongue-like radula for feeding
✓ Gills or ctenidia for respiration or filter-feeding

A

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA

36
Q

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
6 classes

A

Gastropoda

Pelecypoda

Cephalopoda

Scaphopoda

Polyplacophora

Aplacophora

37
Q

✓ One shell
✓ Snails, limpets, abalones

A
  1. Gastropoda
38
Q

✓ Two shells
✓ Clams, mussels, oysters,
scallops

A
  1. Pelecypoda
39
Q

✓ Squids, octopuses, nautilus

A
  1. Cephalopoda
40
Q

✓ Tusk shells

A
  1. Scaphopoda
41
Q

✓ Chitons with overlapping dorsal plates

A
  1. Polyplacophora
42
Q

✓ No shells
✓ Worm-like

A
  1. Aplacophora
43
Q

Nereis worms, Eunice worms, tube worms,
earthworms, leeches, fan worms, and other
polychaetes

A

PHYLUM ANNELIDA

44
Q

✓ All segmented
✓ Each segment contains
digestive tract, nerve cord, and
blood vessels
✓ Metamerism
✓ Segments are separated by
septa

A

Phyllum Annelida

45
Q

✓ In most annelids, each segment bears bristle-like chetae (setae)
✓ Contains nephridia for excretion and osmo

A

PHYLUM ANNELIDA

46
Q

Phyllum Annelida
3 classes

A
  1. Polychaeta
  2. Oligochaeta
  3. Hirudinae
47
Q

✓ All marine annelids
✓ Rugworms and tube worms

A
  1. Polychaeta
48
Q

✓ Earthworms, pot worms, and ice worms

A
  1. Oligochaeta
49
Q

✓ All leeches

50
Q

Chelicerates, insects, crustaceans, myriapods, trilobites

A

Phylum Arthropoda

51
Q

✓ Most diverse and abundant
✓ Covered in exoskeleton made from chitin
✓ Joint appendages
✓ Cuticle sheds periodically
through molting or ecdysis
✓ Metameric segmentation but
not separated by septa
✓ Compound eyes

A

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA

52
Q

Phylum Arthropoda
5 Groups

A
  1. Trilobites
  2. Crustaceans
  3. Chelicerates
  4. Insects
  5. Myriapods
53
Q

✓ Extinct
✓ Part of the marine ecosystem 300 MYA

A
  1. Trilobites
54
Q

✓ Saltwater, freshwater, and terrestrial habitat
✓ Crabs, shrimps, lobsters

A
  1. Crustaceans
55
Q

✓ Spiders, horseshoe crabs,
ticks, mites, scorpions

A
  1. Chelicerates
56
Q

✓ 75% of all known animal
species
✓ _– beetles, weevils

A
  1. Insects
    ✓ 75% of all known animal
    species
    ✓ Coleopterans– beetles,
    weevils
57
Q

✓ Longs bodies with many pair of legs
✓ Centipedes and millipedes

58
Q

Sear urchins, sea stars, sea lilies, sand
dollars, sea cucumbers, brittle stars

A

Phylum Echinodermata

59
Q

✓ Slow moving through their
suctorial tube feet
✓ Radial symmetry
✓ Internal skeleton composed of
calcium-based plates known as _

A

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA

ossicles

60
Q

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
5 groups

A

Asteriaciae

Echinoidea

Ophioroidea

Crinoidea

Holothoroidea

61
Q

✓ Five short arms with rows of tube feet
✓ Common starfish

A
  1. Asteriaciae
62
Q

✓ Very spiny and spherical
✓ Five rows of tube feet and rasping jaw apparatus
✓ Common sea urchins

A
  1. Echinoidea
63
Q

✓ Slender arms that can move horizontally
✓ Brittle star

A
  1. Ophioroidea
64
Q

✓ Stalk for anchorage
✓ Sea lilies, feather stars

65
Q

✓ Sediment feeders
✓ Sea cucumbers

A
  1. Holothoroidea
66
Q

Amphioxus, hagfishes, teleosts ,
amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

A

Phylum Chordata

67
Q

✓ Notochord
✓ Hollow dorsal nerve tube
✓ Pharyngeal clefts
✓ Segmented muscle blocks
✓ Post-anal tail

A

PHYLUM CHORDATA

68
Q

PHYLUM CHORDATA
2 classes

A

SUBPHYLA

VERTEBRATE CLASSES

69
Q

3 types of SUBPHYLA

A

Urochordata (Tunicata)
Cephalochordata (Acraniata)
Vertebrata (Craniata)

70
Q

✓ Invertebrates
✓ Marine filter feeders
✓ Sessile and free-swimming
✓ Sea squirts

A
  1. Urochordata (Tunicata)
71
Q

✓ Invertebrates
✓ Found in sandy areas of the ocean
✓ Lancelets (amphioxus)

A
  1. Cephalochordata (Acraniata)
72
Q

✓ Vertebrates
✓ Lampreys, fishes, amphibians,
reptiles, birds, mammals

A
  1. Vertebrata (Craniata)
73
Q

VERTEBRATE CLASSES
7 types

A

Agnatha

Chondrichtyes

Osteichtyes

Amphibia

Reptilia

Aves

Mammalia

74
Q

✓ Jawless
✓ Lampreys

75
Q

✓ Cartilaginous fishes
✓ Rays, sharks

A
  1. Chondrichtyes
76
Q

✓ Bony fishes
✓ Carp, grouper, red snapper

A
  1. Osteichtyes
77
Q

✓ Adapted to both land and water
✓ Frogs, toads

78
Q

✓ Terrestrial due to their thick and
leathery skin
✓ Crocodiles snakes, turtles

79
Q

✓ Feathers
✓ Birds

80
Q

✓ Hair
✓ Mammary glands
✓ Three middle-ear bones

81
Q

PORIFERA
CNIDARIA
PLATYHELMINTHES
NEMATODA
MOLLUSCA
ANNELIDA
ARTHROPODA
ECHINODERMATA
CHORDATA

A

PORIFERA
CNIDARIA
PLATYHELMINTHES
NEMATODA
MOLLUSCA
ANNELIDA
ARTHROPODA
ECHINODERMATA
CHORDATA

gen zoology (3 decks)

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