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Oceanography > Lab Midterm > Flashcards

Lab Midterm Flashcards

master lab mid term

1
Q

What is a contour line?

A

line on a chart that connects points of = depth

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2
Q

What are contour intervals?

A

change in depth between two contour lines

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3
Q

What are index contours?

A

darker or bold contour lines that are numbered

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4
Q

What is a sounding?

A

a number on a chart that is an exact measure of water depth to seafloor

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5
Q

what measure are charts expressed in?

A

feet

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6
Q

latitude

A

FLATITUDE (east and west)

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7
Q

longitude

A

north and south

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8
Q

WHAT DOES IT MEAN IF CONTOUR LINES ARE ON TOP OF EACHOTHER?

A

the altitude is oh so very steep

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9
Q

What is Bathymetric Profiling?

A

vertical section that provides a “skyline view” of the seafloor along a line

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10
Q

What is Vertical Exaggeration? VE

A

vertical scale on chart is larger than horizontal scale

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11
Q

know how to convert nautical miles

A
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12
Q

what is a nautical mile?

A

a unit of lenth corresponding approximately to one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian

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13
Q

CONTINENTAL SHELF

A

flooded edge of the continent

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14
Q

CONTINENTAL SLOPE

A

inclination toward the sea floor

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15
Q

CONTINENTAL RISE

A

“toe” of slope, often has a thick sedimentary accumulation

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16
Q

ABYSSAL PLAIN

A

featureless part of the seafloor

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17
Q

GUYOT

A

low, flat-topped hills

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18
Q

SEAMOUNT

A

tall volcanic hills >1000m

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19
Q

submarine canyon

A

submerged, deep valley on continental slope

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20
Q

TRENCH

A

very deep, narrow, long depression on seafloor

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21
Q

MIDOCEAN RIDGE

A

mountainous central region of seafloor

22
Q

RIFT VALLEY

A

valley in center of mid ocean ridge

23
Q

How do you calculate a slip rate on a fault?

A

(offset in meters-seven)/ (age of rocks in years)

24
Q

How do you determine distance between two points on a map using latitude and longitude?

A

figure out difference between latitudes and longitudes then set up a right square equation

(latitude times 111.2 squared) + (longitude times 81)= (distance squared)

25
Q

Draw a subduction plate zone

A

here is a subduction plate zone

26
Q

what is paleomagnetism?

A

age of magnetism in sea floor rocks

27
Q

What is a secchi disk?

A

black and white 12’’ disk suspended on a subdivided line (in meters). It is lowered into the water to estimate transparency of the water. The depths are noted at with it first disappears and reappears when rasied

28
Q

What is Eckmen Dredge?

A

a contraption with clam-shel jaws that can be closed by the use of a messenger

29
Q

What is a plankton net?

A

a cone shaped net of fine gauge material that can be towed through the water column to collect zooplankton and larger algae

30
Q

What is temperature/dissolved Oxygen meter?

A

electronic device with a prove on a metered line that measures temperature and the amount of dissolved oxygen in water

31
Q

Does temp and dissolved oxygen differ with depth?

A

yes ma’m

32
Q

What types of sediment are found?

A

anoxic pudding like substance

33
Q

What are terrigenous sediments?

A

sediments that can come from volcanic eruptions, dust storms, erosion from land, and glaciers. Consists of sand, mud, and silt

34
Q

what are Biogenic Sediments?

A

silicious ooze (diatoms and radiolaria) calcareous ooze (coccolithophores and foraminifera)

35
Q

What are carbonate rocks?

A

sedimentary rocks formed from calcareous sediments

36
Q

What is limestone?

A

type of carbonate sedimentary rock

37
Q

What is Authigenic (hydrogenous) sediments?

A

grow in place on seafloor. made up of iron, manganese, copper, chromium, and lead

38
Q

Where are Authigneic sediments found?

A

commonly at spreading centers, (rift valleys responsible for formation?)

39
Q

What is an evaporite?

A

an authigenic sediment not found in deep sea, but mostly hot areas of the world

40
Q

What is cosmogenic sediment?

A

particles that originate from outer space and commonly mixed with terrigenous and biogenic sediments. Examples: tektites and meteorites)

41
Q

Which type of rock forms oceanic crust?

A

Basalt

42
Q

Which type of rock forms continental crust?

A

GRANITE

43
Q

WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY CONTROLS ON DISTRIBUTION OF TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS ON SEAFLOOR?

A

particle size and water energy at site of deposition

44
Q

WHAT IS THE CCD?

A

carbonate compensation depth

45
Q

What are turbidites

A

sediments transported by turbidity currents

46
Q

What is the thermocline?

A

zone of mixing characterized by rapid chang in temperature

47
Q

What is the halocline?

A

middle zone of salinity zones of ocean characterized by rapid change in salinity with depth

48
Q

What is the pycnocline

A

middle zone of oceans that is characterized by rapid increase of density with depth

49
Q

What was the result of the salinity lab?

A

warm water was near surface, colder water was in middle, and salinity water was on bottom. as time passed, all zones were mixing together because the temps were decreasing and the salt was dissolving

50
Q

What is the timeline of the periods?

A

renacimiento

barroco

romanticismo

modernismo

postmodernismo

vanguardismo

51
Q

barroco

A

temas espirituales;refleja carácter metafisico, moralizador o satirico; introspeccion; culteranismo y conceptismo

Oceanography (4 decks)

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