Lab Midterm Flashcards
master lab mid term
What is a contour line?
line on a chart that connects points of = depth
What are contour intervals?
change in depth between two contour lines
What are index contours?
darker or bold contour lines that are numbered
What is a sounding?
a number on a chart that is an exact measure of water depth to seafloor
what measure are charts expressed in?
feet
latitude
FLATITUDE (east and west)
longitude
north and south
WHAT DOES IT MEAN IF CONTOUR LINES ARE ON TOP OF EACHOTHER?
the altitude is oh so very steep
What is Bathymetric Profiling?
vertical section that provides a “skyline view” of the seafloor along a line
What is Vertical Exaggeration? VE
vertical scale on chart is larger than horizontal scale
know how to convert nautical miles
what is a nautical mile?
a unit of lenth corresponding approximately to one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian
CONTINENTAL SHELF
flooded edge of the continent
CONTINENTAL SLOPE
inclination toward the sea floor
CONTINENTAL RISE
“toe” of slope, often has a thick sedimentary accumulation
ABYSSAL PLAIN
featureless part of the seafloor
GUYOT
low, flat-topped hills
SEAMOUNT
tall volcanic hills >1000m
submarine canyon
submerged, deep valley on continental slope
TRENCH
very deep, narrow, long depression on seafloor
MIDOCEAN RIDGE
mountainous central region of seafloor
RIFT VALLEY
valley in center of mid ocean ridge
How do you calculate a slip rate on a fault?
(offset in meters-seven)/ (age of rocks in years)
How do you determine distance between two points on a map using latitude and longitude?
figure out difference between latitudes and longitudes then set up a right square equation
(latitude times 111.2 squared) + (longitude times 81)= (distance squared)
Draw a subduction plate zone
here is a subduction plate zone
what is paleomagnetism?
age of magnetism in sea floor rocks
What is a secchi disk?
black and white 12’’ disk suspended on a subdivided line (in meters). It is lowered into the water to estimate transparency of the water. The depths are noted at with it first disappears and reappears when rasied
What is Eckmen Dredge?
a contraption with clam-shel jaws that can be closed by the use of a messenger
What is a plankton net?
a cone shaped net of fine gauge material that can be towed through the water column to collect zooplankton and larger algae
What is temperature/dissolved Oxygen meter?
electronic device with a prove on a metered line that measures temperature and the amount of dissolved oxygen in water
Does temp and dissolved oxygen differ with depth?
yes ma’m
What types of sediment are found?
anoxic pudding like substance
What are terrigenous sediments?
sediments that can come from volcanic eruptions, dust storms, erosion from land, and glaciers. Consists of sand, mud, and silt
what are Biogenic Sediments?
silicious ooze (diatoms and radiolaria) calcareous ooze (coccolithophores and foraminifera)
What are carbonate rocks?
sedimentary rocks formed from calcareous sediments
What is limestone?
type of carbonate sedimentary rock
What is Authigenic (hydrogenous) sediments?
grow in place on seafloor. made up of iron, manganese, copper, chromium, and lead
Where are Authigneic sediments found?
commonly at spreading centers, (rift valleys responsible for formation?)
What is an evaporite?
an authigenic sediment not found in deep sea, but mostly hot areas of the world
What is cosmogenic sediment?
particles that originate from outer space and commonly mixed with terrigenous and biogenic sediments. Examples: tektites and meteorites)
Which type of rock forms oceanic crust?
Basalt
Which type of rock forms continental crust?
GRANITE
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY CONTROLS ON DISTRIBUTION OF TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS ON SEAFLOOR?
particle size and water energy at site of deposition
WHAT IS THE CCD?
carbonate compensation depth
What are turbidites
sediments transported by turbidity currents
What is the thermocline?
zone of mixing characterized by rapid chang in temperature
What is the halocline?
middle zone of salinity zones of ocean characterized by rapid change in salinity with depth
What is the pycnocline
middle zone of oceans that is characterized by rapid increase of density with depth
What was the result of the salinity lab?
warm water was near surface, colder water was in middle, and salinity water was on bottom. as time passed, all zones were mixing together because the temps were decreasing and the salt was dissolving
What is the timeline of the periods?
renacimiento
barroco
romanticismo
modernismo
postmodernismo
vanguardismo
barroco
temas espirituales;refleja carácter metafisico, moralizador o satirico; introspeccion; culteranismo y conceptismo
