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Animal Nutrition > Lab Midterm > Flashcards

Lab Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

There are ___ kilograms in 1 pound?

A

.4536 kg

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2
Q

There are ___ grams in 1 pound?

A

453.6 g

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3
Q

There are ___ micrograms in 1 gram?

A

10^6 micrograms (1 million)

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4
Q

There are ___ milligrams in 1 gram?

A

1000 mg

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5
Q

There are ___ grams in 1 kilograms?

A

1000 g

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6
Q

TDN range values for cereal grains?

A

70-80% TDN

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7
Q

CP range values for cereal grains?

A

8-12% CP

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8
Q

DM range values for cereal grains?

A

88-92% CP

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9
Q

Units for ppm?

A

1 mg/ kg
1 microgram/ g
percentage * 10,000
- 10^6 spread

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10
Q

Units for ppb?

A

1 microgram/ kg

- 10^9 spread

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11
Q

TDN range values for protein supplements (plant)?

A

Mid 70s. SBM is 84% TDN.

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12
Q

CP range values for plant protein supplement?

A

35-50% CP

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13
Q

CP range values for animal protein supplement?

A

55-65% CP

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14
Q

DM range values for protein supplement?

A

88-92% DM

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15
Q

TDN range values for silages?

A

60-70% TDN

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16
Q

TDN range values for haylages?

A

45-55% TDN for grass; 55-60% TDN for alfalfa

17
Q

DM range values for silages?

A

30-40% DM

18
Q

DM range values for haylages?

A

40-60% DM

19
Q

CP range values for silages and haylages?

A

8-10% CP for grass hay; 14-18% CP for alfalfa

20
Q

Ca and P in grains?

A

Grains are deficient in Ca and borderline in P

21
Q

Ca and P in forages?

A

Forages are deficient in P and borderline in Ca

22
Q

P availability for non-ruminants?

A

P has low availability to non-ruminants due to the P being bound by phytins. It is normally not a problem for ruminants because of their rumen microorganisms

23
Q

Why are oats and barley not used for growing/finishing pigs?

A

They have limited feeding value for swine

24
Q

Why is wheat not fed as the sole grain in ruminant diets?

A

Because the rapid rate of digestion can cause digestive disturbances in ruminants and horses such as acidosis, founder, and colic.

25
Q

Why is triticale considered environmentally friendly for hogs?

A

It has good AA balance compared to other grains so need less protein in diet. Therefore you can feed less SBM, and it has less N waste (NH3)

26
Q

Nutritional problem with sorghum grain (milo)?

A

Some varieties have high tannin levels with is more resistant to digestion.

27
Q

Nutritional problem with soybeans?

A

Soybeans must be heated for monogastrics due to toxic factors in raw soybeans: trypsin inhibitor (inhibits protein digestion in intestine) and hemaglutinin (causes agglutination of RBCs)

28
Q

Nutritional problem with cottonseeds?

A

They contain gossypol, which is toxic to non-ruminants (it binds lysine which decreases lysine absorption). Rumen microorganisms can detoxify the gossypol.

29
Q

Corn as a whole.

A

Low in CP, especially deficient in lysine and tryptophan. Devoid in Ca. It is the only grain with significant carotene (Vit. A precursor). Low in riboflavin, pantothenic acid, and Vit. B12. Pigs: ground. Cattle: cracked or fed whole. Horses: cracked, coarsely ground, or preferably rolled.

30
Q

Proximate analysis problems?

A

Has CF and NFE errors. Acid and base digests hemicellulose and some lignin which is included in NFE, which is supposedly representative of digestible CHO, but hemicellulose and lgnin are relatively indigestible. Thus, predicting nutritive value from proximate analysis is a major problem, especially with more fibrous feeds.

31
Q

Advantages of Van Soest Detergent System

A

Van Soest developed extraction scheme that better describes the fiber fraction of feeds, particularly roughages. (separates feed CHO on basis of ruminal availability).

32
Q

Detergent factors?

A
  • plant cell contents

- plant cell wall constituents

33
Q

Components of plant cell contents?

A

Sugars, starches, soluble protein, pectin, lipids. Highly digestible. Called Neutral Detergent Solubles (NDS).

34
Q

Components of plant cell wall constituents?

A

Hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, insoluble protein bound nitrogen. Variable digestibility. Called Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF).

35
Q

Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)

A

Divides NDFinto two factors. Soluble fraction containing hemicellulose and some insoluble protein. Insoluble fraction (ADF) containing cellulose, lignin, and bound nitrogen. Lignin can then be determined in the ADF fraction. Called ADL (Acid Detergent Lignin).

36
Q

NDF value for forages?

A

Used to predict DM intake. High NDF means animal stays fuller longer because of slow digestibility.

37
Q

ADF value?

A

An indicator of relative digestibility. Also used to predict the energy content (TDN, NE) of forages.

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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