Lab Midterm Flashcards
How do you properly label a test tube?
Name, Class, Project, Constituent, Date
1 ul equals _______mL
1 x 10^-3
1000 ul equals _______ mL
1 mL
What can affect the precision of a scale?
Vibrations, magnetic field, humidity, and barometric pressure
Describe a load cell.
A circuit with a lever that produces an electric current directly proportional to the depression of the lever
What is precision?
The extent to which a given set of measurements of the same sample agree with their mean
What is accuracy?
The extent to which a given measurement agrees with the standard value for that measurement
What is standard deviation?
A measure of how spread out numbers are
What is used to compare two groups of data?
Student’s T-Test
_______ are the most basic unit of the human body.
Cells
What were collected from scrapping our cheeks and what are they?
Keratinocytes
What was the purpose of collecting cells from our cheeks?
We were trying to quantitate cell number and viability
What dye was used in the cheek cell lab to indicate whether a cell was alive or dead?
Trypan Blue
What is a hemocytometer?
A piece of equipment that was initially used to count blood cells
What are hemocytometers used for today?
To count abnormal patient blood cells, sperm counts for fertility clinics, to record cell growth over time, and yeast cells for fermentation
Who developed the hemocytometer?
Louis- Charles Malassez
What percentage of practitioners still utilize the hemocytometer for cell counting?
70%
What are symptoms of Alkaptonuria?
Darkened urine, pigmentation of connective tissue, joint and spine arthritis, and destruction of the cardiac valves
What is the gene that is responsible for Alkaprtonuria?
Homogentisate 1, 2- dioxygenase
What protein- digesting enzyme do pineapples contain?
Bromelain
What does bromelain?
It is a protease, it chops up other proteins
What is gelatin made out of?
Collagen
What happens when you add water to gelatin?
Long chains of protein from. Water gets trapped in these long chains, turning the liquid into a solid
What does the pineapple do to the gelatin?
The pineapple digests proteins and eats away the gelatin
What is the purpose of the protein functionality lab?
To test the stability and function of the bromelain enzyme in the presence of different environmental factors and chemicals and to determine which ones can disrupt protein function
What are acids?
Proton donors
What are bases?
Protein acceptors
How does very low acidity affect protein function?
Hydrogen bonds are disrupted, which stabilizes tertiary structure. Disulfide bonds are also disrupted, but protein function is not affected.
Why does it make sense that high acidity does not affect protein function?
Because pineapple has a pH of around 3, so a high acidity is normal for pineapple
How does highly basic solutions affect protein function?
May cause random disulfide bridges, only denatures structure, not function.
What is temperature?
Measure of the kinetic energy of a molecule
What GFAP and where is it isolated from?
GFAP stands for glial fibrillary acidic protein and it is isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Where is GFAP found?
Within glial cells
Where are glial cells found?
The Nervous System
What do glial cells do?
Provide metabolic support for neurons and facilitate their signaling
What disease is associated with GFAP?
Alexander’s Disease
Why are zebrafish used as a tool for cell biology?
They are one of the premier in vivo model systems
Who decided zebrafish would make a good model system for vertebrate genetics?
George Streisinger
