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Cell Biology > Lab Midterm > Flashcards

Lab Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you properly label a test tube?

A

Name, Class, Project, Constituent, Date

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2
Q

1 ul equals _______mL

A

1 x 10^-3

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3
Q

1000 ul equals _______ mL

A

1 mL

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4
Q

What can affect the precision of a scale?

A

Vibrations, magnetic field, humidity, and barometric pressure

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5
Q

Describe a load cell.

A

A circuit with a lever that produces an electric current directly proportional to the depression of the lever

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6
Q

What is precision?

A

The extent to which a given set of measurements of the same sample agree with their mean

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7
Q

What is accuracy?

A

The extent to which a given measurement agrees with the standard value for that measurement

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8
Q

What is standard deviation?

A

A measure of how spread out numbers are

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9
Q

What is used to compare two groups of data?

A

Student’s T-Test

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10
Q

_______ are the most basic unit of the human body.

A

Cells

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11
Q

What were collected from scrapping our cheeks and what are they?

A

Keratinocytes

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12
Q

What was the purpose of collecting cells from our cheeks?

A

We were trying to quantitate cell number and viability

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13
Q

What dye was used in the cheek cell lab to indicate whether a cell was alive or dead?

A

Trypan Blue

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14
Q

What is a hemocytometer?

A

A piece of equipment that was initially used to count blood cells

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15
Q

What are hemocytometers used for today?

A

To count abnormal patient blood cells, sperm counts for fertility clinics, to record cell growth over time, and yeast cells for fermentation

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16
Q

Who developed the hemocytometer?

A

Louis- Charles Malassez

17
Q

What percentage of practitioners still utilize the hemocytometer for cell counting?

A

70%

18
Q

What are symptoms of Alkaptonuria?

A

Darkened urine, pigmentation of connective tissue, joint and spine arthritis, and destruction of the cardiac valves

19
Q

What is the gene that is responsible for Alkaprtonuria?

A

Homogentisate 1, 2- dioxygenase

20
Q

What protein- digesting enzyme do pineapples contain?

A

Bromelain

21
Q

What does bromelain?

A

It is a protease, it chops up other proteins

22
Q

What is gelatin made out of?

A

Collagen

23
Q

What happens when you add water to gelatin?

A

Long chains of protein from. Water gets trapped in these long chains, turning the liquid into a solid

24
Q

What does the pineapple do to the gelatin?

A

The pineapple digests proteins and eats away the gelatin

25
Q

What is the purpose of the protein functionality lab?

A

To test the stability and function of the bromelain enzyme in the presence of different environmental factors and chemicals and to determine which ones can disrupt protein function

26
Q

What are acids?

A

Proton donors

27
Q

What are bases?

A

Protein acceptors

28
Q

How does very low acidity affect protein function?

A

Hydrogen bonds are disrupted, which stabilizes tertiary structure. Disulfide bonds are also disrupted, but protein function is not affected.

29
Q

Why does it make sense that high acidity does not affect protein function?

A

Because pineapple has a pH of around 3, so a high acidity is normal for pineapple

30
Q

How does highly basic solutions affect protein function?

A

May cause random disulfide bridges, only denatures structure, not function.

31
Q

What is temperature?

A

Measure of the kinetic energy of a molecule

32
Q

What GFAP and where is it isolated from?

A

GFAP stands for glial fibrillary acidic protein and it is isolated from zebrafish (Danio rerio)

33
Q

Where is GFAP found?

A

Within glial cells

34
Q

Where are glial cells found?

A

The Nervous System

35
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

Provide metabolic support for neurons and facilitate their signaling

36
Q

What disease is associated with GFAP?

A

Alexander’s Disease

37
Q

Why are zebrafish used as a tool for cell biology?

A

They are one of the premier in vivo model systems

38
Q

Who decided zebrafish would make a good model system for vertebrate genetics?

A

George Streisinger

Cell Biology (4 decks)

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