lab midterm Flashcards
Gold poisoning
Dimercaprol
Methemoglobinemia
Methylene Blue
Mercury poisoning
Dimercaprol
Isoniazid poisoning
Pyridoxine
Acetaminophen poisoning
Acetylcysteine
Carbamates
Atropine
Benzodiazepine poisoning
Flumazenil
Opioid poisoning
Naloxone
Arsenic poisoning
Dimercaprol
Organophosphate poisoning
Atropine
It is used to counteract the effects of heparin, an anticoagulant (blood thinner).
Protamine sulfate
It works by activating antithrombin Ill, which inhibits blood clotting factors like thrombin and factor Xa.
Heparin
A drug that interacts directly with another drug (not through receptors) and inactivates it.
Chemical antagonist
Protamine binds directly to heparin
chemical antagonism
Flaccid paralysis
Neuromuscular blockers , Botulinum toxin
Spastic paralysis
Tetanospasmin
Strychnine
Saxitoxin
Tetrodotoxin
CNS Depression
Alcohols
Sedative-hypnotics
Opioids
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Inert gases:
CO2, Methane, Propane, Nitrogen
Cellular hypoxia:
CO
Cyanide
Methemoglobinemia
H2S
Sulfhemoglobinemia
Pneumonia:
Aspiration of gastric contents
Bronchospasm
Beta-blockers
Hydrocarbon aspiration
organophosphates
carbamates
This test evaluates patients:
• Eye opening
• Verbal response And
• motor response
Glasgow Coma Scale
Any score lower than 15 in glasgow coma scale, might suggest that the patient has a potential __
neurological deficit
Management for Hypoglycemia (Unconscious)
DEXTROSE
Management for Alcohol Intoxication
THIAMINE
Management for Opioid Intoxication
NALOXONE
Management for Benzodiazepine Overdose
FLUMAZENIL
Secondary Survey
Allergy
Medication
Past Medical History / Pregnancy
Last Meal
Events related to the injury
Decontamination Methods
Surface Decontamination (Dermal, Inhalational, Ocular)
Gastric Decontamination
First step in dermal contamination
• Remove contaminated clothing
How long should you wash skin with copious amount of running (tap) water
for 30 minutes
What to do during INHALATIONAL contamination
• Remove the patient from the toxic environment O2 supplementation
What to do during OCULAR contamination
• Wash with BSS/NSS for 15 minutes of consume 2L with lids retracted
• Highly adsorbent powdered material made from a distillation of wood pulp
• For gastric contamination
Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal Dose
10:1 (charcoal to toxin)
TOPICAL AGENTS FOR CHEMICAL EXPOSURE TO THE SKIN
Hydrofluoric acid - Calcium soaks
Oxalic acid - Calcium soaks
Phenol - Mineral oil, Isopropyl alcohol
White phosphorus - Copper sulfate 1%
• Use of syrup of ipecac
• Use when other measures are not available (especially for agents not absorbed by AC)
Emesis
• Use for massive ingestion
Gastric Lavage
• Contraindications for Gastric Lavage
- Unconscious patients
- Ingestions of corrosive substances
- Ingestion of SR and enteric-coated tablets
• Enhances gastrointestinal transit
Cathartics
• Use of a bowel-cleansing solution: Non-absorbable polyethylene glycol in a balanced electrolyte solution
• Generally used for substances poorly absorbed by AC
Whole Bowel Irrigation
Primary Survey
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Degree of Disability
Exposure/Environment
In airway management, Optimize airway position by Placing the neck and head in what position
“Sniffing” position
