lab midterm Flashcards
name of spaghetti worms
family terebellidae
appendages on family terebellidae
long tentacles for feeding (muscular contraction) - selective deposit feeders
gills (branchial tentacles) - for gas exchange - red bc blood here contains hemoglobin bc oxygen low in some environments (anoxic) - hemoglobin helps to pull oxygen into the body, despite the low partial pressure
lifecycle of trematode
lifecycle of schyphozoan
duglesia
flat worm w hammer head thing little cross eyes
how do rotifers reproduce ?
what is a gemmule and parts of it
nereis erantid info (eating and parts)
parts:
chaetae - supported by chitinous rods called aciculae
top part - notopodium
bottom part - neuropodium
feather duster worm name
family sabellidae
giant hot vent worm name
siboglinidae
leech name
hirudinean
aurelia
moon jellyfish - schyphozoan
rhopalia - statocyst (gravity receptor), photoreceptor cells, chemoreceptor cells
schyphozoans are gonochoristic - gametes arise from gastrodermal epithelial cells
— in Aurelia lifecycle is same from exam
scyphistomae - solitary polyps produce new individuals by asexual budding
hydrozoans
hydromedusae - generally smaller and deeper bell than schyphomedusae — known by VELUM (rim of muscular tissue projecting inward along peripheral margin of bell)
velum - controls the size of subumbrellar aperture during jet propulsion and can be aimed for direction in water column
DO NOT HAVE RHOPALIA - but do have sensory structures
what features demonstrate cephalization ?
platyhelminthes
sensory structures concentrated at one end - the end that leads during locomotion — had definitive head end
what features demonstrate bilateral symmetry ?
platyhelminthes - Duglesia
2 eyes spots and lateral “horns”
three body forms of sponges
asconoid - minute, vase shaped, choanocytes line central spongocoel
syconoid - larger, vase shaped, multiple choanocyte lined chambers each open directly into central spongocoel
leuconoid - massive forms, spongocoel replaced with extensive system of choanocyte lined chambers that are interconnected by canals
what is the advantage of increasing the surface area of the choanoderm relative to the volume of the sponge?
ability to bring more water thru - filters more
3 classes of sponges and features
class calcera : spicules composed of calcium carbonate - only class of porifera that has some w asconoid construction but shows all
ex// grantia
class demospongiae : most marine and all fresh water species belong here. all have leuconoid body architecture. either spongin, siliceous spicules or both - NONE have calcareous spicules
class hexactinellida : spicules of silica dioxide - three axes or 6 spicule end points — glass sponges syncytial
spicules
demosponges - monoaxons (1 axis)
Grantia (calcera) - triaxon (3 axes) and triactine (3 end points)
glass sponges (hexactinellid) - triaxon (3 axes) and hexactine (6 end points)
lifecycle of fluke (trematode)
clonorchis sinensis
- adult trematode in bile duct of definitive human host
- egg passed thru human feces
- egg eaten by snail - miracidium in water
- snail = intermediate host — here trematode goes thru stages (miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercariae)
- swimming cercariae from snail burrows into fish
- fish = intermediate host (metacercaria encysted)
- uncooked fish eaten by human
adult trematode back in human
body regions of cestode - name
Taenia
parts specialized for parasitism
scolex - rostellum, sucker, neck — anchor to intestinal wall
tegument - for direct absorption of nutrients from hosts intestine
mature proglottid
gravid proglottid - uterine branches filled w eggs
BOTH proglottids contain entire female and male reproductive systems
attachment organs in cestodes vs trematodes
cestodes sometimes have head w suckers and hooks
trematodes have a head w suckers but no hooks
cestodes vs trematodes offspring production
both PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
cestodes = Taenia
trematode = flukes (Clonorchis sinesis)
cestodes and trematodes are hermaphroditic — have both female and male reproductive organs. but cestodes can also sexually reproduce
errantid vs sedentarid
ERRANTID ANNELIDS:
clam worms, rag worms, piling worms, blood worms
have eversible pharynx w JAWS - capture prey or shred kelp
- head appendages for sensory reception
SEDENTARID ANNELIDS :
eversible pharynx NO JAWS
- head appendages for feeding
spaghetti worms (terebellidae)
lug worms (arenicolidae)
feather duster worms (sabellidae)
hot vent worms (siboglinidae)
lug worms
j shaped burrows
deposit feeding
Arenicolites
nemertea cross section example
Paranemertes peregrina
