Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Lab Mid Term > Flashcards

Lab Mid Term Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of structure, form, physical and appearance of the
body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is physiology?

A

The functional aspect of the human body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the hierarchy of complexity. (8)

A

Atoms -> Molecules -> Organelles -> Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems -> Organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 organ systems listed on the review slide?

A

1, Intergumentary system. (In-teg-U-mentory)

  1. Skeletal system.
  2. Muscular system.
  3. Nervous system.
  4. Endocrine system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes up the Intergumentary (in-teg-U-mentory) system (3) and what are its functions (2)?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the Skeletal system (3) and what are its functions (2)?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What makes up the Muscular system (2) and what are its functions (2)?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What makes up the Nervous system (3) and what are its functions (2)?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What makes up the Endocrine system (6 -“glands”) and what are its functions (2)?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which plane is this?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which plane is this?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which plane is this?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does Anterior (ventral) mean?

A
  • Situated at or directed towards the front.
  • Opposite of posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does Posterior (dorsal) mean?

A
  • Directed towards or situated at the back.
  • Opposite of anterior.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does Superior (cranial) mean?

A
  • Situated above, or directed upwards
  • Can refer to the higher of two (or more) structures, or to the upper surface of a structure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does Inferior (caudal) mean?

A
  • Situated below or directed downwards
  • Can refer to the lower of two (or more) structures, or to the lower surface of a structure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Medial mean?

A
  • Refers to the middle.
  • Situated near the median plane (middle) of the body or the midline of an organ.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does Lateral mean?

A
  • Refers to the side (either side)
  • Situated farther from the median plane of the body or structure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do Proximal and Distal mean?

A

Proximal: Situated nearer to the point of attachment or to the center of the body.

Distal: Situated further from the point of attachment or from the center of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do Superficial and Deep mean?

A

Superficial: Situated or occuring on the surface or immediately beneath it.

Deep: Situated away from the surface (further into the body).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which body cavity is A?

A

Cranial cavity (contains the brain).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which body cavity is B?

A

Vertebral cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which body cavity is C?

A

Superior mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which body cavity is D?

A

Pleural cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which body cavity is E?

A

Pericardial cavity (contains the heart).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is F?

A

The Diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which body cavity is G?

A

The Abdomino cavity (Contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestines, and most of the large intestine).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which body cavity is H?

A

Pelvic cavity (contains the end of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which body cavity is I?

A

Abdominopelvic cavity (contains the Abdominal and Pelvic cavities).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which body cavity is J?

A

Ventral body cavity (contains the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which body cavity is K?

A

Dorsal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which body cavity is L?

A

Thoracic cavity (contains the Superior mediastinum, Pleural and Pericardial cavities).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the Diaphragm?

A

Muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the two layers of Serous membranes?

A

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the Pericadium?

A

Serous membrane lining the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the Pleura?

A

Serous membrane lining the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the Peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and its organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the Pericardial cavity?

A

The space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium (heart) serous membrane.
It contains pericardial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is Mitosis?

A
  • Cell makes an exact cory of itself through cell division.
  • Results in two genetically identical diplod cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is meiosis?

A
  • Reproductive cells going through two rounds of cell division
  • Resulting is four non-identical haploid cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where is DNA contained?

A

In chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

When do chromosomes wrap into sister chromatids?

A

Exclusively during cell division.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a Genome?

A

An organism’s complete set of DNA including all its genes.

44
Q

What are histones?

A

Proteins which DNA molecules wrap around within chromatin.
Together with DNA histones form a nuclesome.

45
Q

How many chromosomes do Humans normally have?

A

46

46
Q

What are the two main phases of a cell’s life cycle?

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Mitotic phase
47
Q

What are the five phases of Mitosis?

A

Prophase -> Metaphase -> Anaphase -> Telophase -> Cytokinesis

48
Q

Which phase of Mitosis is this?

A

Prophase

49
Q

Which phase of mitosis is this?

A

Metaphase

50
Q

Which phase of mitosis is this?

A

Anaphase

51
Q

Which phase of mitosis is this?

A

Telophase

52
Q

Which phase of mitosis is this?

A

Cytokinesis

53
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

54
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.

55
Q

Which solution is Isotonic, which is Hypertonic and which is Hypotonic?

A
56
Q

What is tissue?

A

A mass of similar cells which form discrete regions of organs and perform specific functions.

57
Q

What are the four types of tissue in the human body?

A
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
58
Q

What are five funtions of the Epithelial tissue?

A
  • Protects deeper tissues from injury and infection
  • Senses stimuli
  • Absorbs chemicals, including nutrients.
  • Produces and releases chemical secretions.
  • Excretes waste.
59
Q

What is the structure of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Apical surface
  • Basal surface
  • Basement membrane
60
Q

What is an apical surface?

A

The surface of an epithelial cell that faces an open area.

61
Q

What is a basal surface?

A

The surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane.

62
Q

What is a basement membrane?

A

The layer below the epithelium which anchors it to connective tissue.

63
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

A
64
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

A
65
Q

Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

A
66
Q

What is the difference between simple and stratified cells?

A
67
Q

What are pseudostratified epithelium?

A

Cells which apear stratified but are actually all attached to the basement membrane.

68
Q

What is Transitional epithelium?

A
  • A type of stratified epithelium
  • The cells of the superficial (top) layer change shape when the tissue is stretched (found in the bladder).
69
Q

What are cell Junctions?

A

The place where cells are connected to other cells.

70
Q

What are three functions of cell junctions?

A
  • Keep the cells in place
  • Allow the cells to communicate with eachother
  • Allow the cells to move substances between them.
71
Q

What are tight junctions?

A
  • Links between cells by cell-adhesion proteins
  • They seal off intercellular space, making it difficult for substances to pass between cells.
72
Q

What are Desmosomes?

A

A type of cell junction

73
Q

What are Gap junctions?

A

A type of cell junction formed by Conexons which allow materials to pass between cells.

74
Q

What is a gland?

A
  • A structure that secretes substances
  • Composed of epithelial tissue wrapped in connective tissue.
75
Q

What are Endocrine glands?

A

Glads which secrete hormones into the blood. No Duct.

76
Q

What are Exocrine glands?

A

Glands which secrete products into a duct which contact the surface of epithelium (internal or external).

77
Q

What is stratum corneum?

A

The most superior zone of the epidermis made of dead keratinized cells.

78
Q

What is the stratum basale?

A

The most inferior zone of the epidermis made of cubodial and columnar shaped cells attached to the basement membrane. It is the site of most mitosis.

79
Q

What are four types of cell in the stratum basale?

A
  • Melanocytes
  • Keratinocytes
  • Tactile cells
  • Stem cells
80
Q

What are three types of connective tissue?

A
  • Fibrous connective tissue
  • Supportive connective tissue (such as bone)
  • Fluid connective tissue (such as blood)
81
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

Cells which secrete matrix proteins.

82
Q

What is ground substance?

A

The matrix of loose connective tissue.

83
Q

What is A?

A

Ground substance.

84
Q

What is B?

A

Elastic fibers.

85
Q

What is C?

A

Collagenous fibers.

86
Q

What is D?

A

Fibroblasts.

87
Q

What type of tissue is this and where is it found?

A

Areolar Tissue

Underlies all epithelia.

88
Q

What type of tissue is this and where is it found?

A

Reticular tissue

Found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow

89
Q

What type of tissue is this and where is it found?

A

Dense regular connective tissue

Tendons and ligaments.

90
Q

What type of tissue is this and where is it found?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

Deeper layer of skin; capsules around organs.

91
Q

What type of tissue is this and where is it found?

A

Adipose tissue

Beneath the skin around internal organs and in the breast. Found in “Adpise depots”

92
Q

What type of cartilage is this and where is it found?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

Fetal skeleton, trachea - moves vocal cords during speech.

93
Q

What type of cartilage is this and where is it found?

A

Elastic cartilage
External ear.

94
Q

What type of cartilage is this and where is it found?

A

Fibrocratilage

Intervertebral disks (Spine)

95
Q

What type of tissue is this and where is it found?

A

Bone

Skeleton.

96
Q

What type of tissue is this?

A

Blood

97
Q

What are Erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells

98
Q

What are Leukocytes?

A

White blood cells

99
Q

What are patelets?

A

Cell fragments in blood which are invloved in clotting.

100
Q

What are A?

A

Platelets

101
Q

What are B?

A

Neutrophils (most numerous type of white blood cell).

102
Q

What is C?

A

Lymphocytes (type of white blood cell).

103
Q

What is D?

A

Erythrocytes (red blood cells).

104
Q

What is E?

A

Monocyte (type of white blood cell).

105
Q

What is plasma?

A

Blood’s liquid ground substance.

Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions