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Lab Medicine-Metabolic Panel Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What labs are included in the BMP?

A
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Chloride
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Glucose
  • BUN
  • Creatinine
  • Calcium
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2
Q

What labs are included in CMP that are not included in the BMP?

A
  • Alkaline Phosphatase
  • Bilirubin, Total
  • AST (SGOT)
  • ALT (SGPT)
  • Protein, Total
  • Albumin
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3
Q

What labs can be run to assess kidney function?

A
  • BUN

* Creatinine

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4
Q

What labs can be run to assess electrolytes?

A
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Chloride
  • Carbon Dioxide
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5
Q

Normal range of Sodium?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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6
Q

Critical Range of Sodium?

A

155 mEq/L

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7
Q

Name 3 factors that regulate sodium balance

A
  • Aldosterone
  • Natriuretic Hormone
  • Antidiuretic Hormone

(All assist kidney to maintain appropriate levels of free water)

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8
Q

Symptoms of hyponatremia?

A 
weakness
confusion
lethargy
stupor
coma
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9
Q

Symptoms of hypernatremia?

A 
dry mucous membranes
thirst
agitation
restlessness
hyperreflexia
mania
convulsions
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10
Q

Cushing syndrome and hyperaldosteronism can lead to an increase in which electrolyte?

A

Sodium

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11
Q

Name three drugs that can lead to an increase in serum sodium levels.

A
  • Steroids
  • Licorice
  • Oral Contraceptives
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12
Q

Name 4 types of drugs that can lead to a decrease in serum sodium levels.

A
  • thiazide diuretics
  • ACE inhibitors
  • SSRIs
  • Antipsychotics
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13
Q

Name the predominant extracellular cation +

A

Sodium

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14
Q

Name the major intracellular cation +

A

Potassium

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15
Q

What is the primary concern of an abnormal K+ level?

A

arrhythmia

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16
Q

Normal range of potassium?

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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17
Q

Critical values for Potassium?

A

6.0 mEq/L

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18
Q

Symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A
  • arrhythmias
  • abdominal cramps
  • N/V/D
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19
Q

Hemolysis can lead to an elevation in which electrolyte?

A

*hemolysis

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20
Q

Symptoms of hypokalemia?

A
  • weakness
  • paralysis
  • hyporeflexia
  • ileus
  • arrhythmias
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21
Q

Which drugs can lead to an increase in potassium serum levels?

A
  • K+ salts
  • K+ sparing diuretics
  • NSAIDS
  • ACEIs
  • ARBs
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22
Q

Low magnesium can lead to a decrease in low serum levels of which electrolyte?

A

potassium!

Check Mg if you are unable to correct for low K+

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23
Q

Which drugs can lead to a decrease in serum potassium levels?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • loop diuretics
  • thiazides
  • corticosteroids
  • laxative abuse
24
Q

Name the major extracellular anion (-)

25
Normal range of Chloride?
98-107 mEq/L
26
Critical values for Chloride?
120
27
Symptoms of hypochloremia?
* Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles * Shallow breathing * Tetany * Hypotension
28
Symptoms of hyperchloremia?
* lethargy * weakness * deep breathing
29
Drugs that can lead to an increase in serum chloride levels?
* Corticosteroids * NSAIDS * Acetazolamide * TPN high in Cl
30
Drugs that can lead to a decrease in serum chloride levels?
*Diuretics
31
Most of the body's carbon dioxide is in the form of what?
bicarbonate (HCO3-) | measured as as serum bicarbonate level
32
Normal range of carbon dioxide?
22-28 mEq/L
33
Critical values for carbon dioxide?
40 mEq/L
34
Salicylate toxicity and ethylene glycol poisoning can both lead to a decrease in serum levels of what?
Carbon Dioxide
35
Glucose levels are controlled by _________ and ____________.
insulin and glucagon
36
Normal range of glucose?
60-110 mg/dL
37
Critical values for glucose?
500 mg/dL
38
Name the end product of protein metabolism and digestion that is formed in the liver and excreted by the kidney.
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
39
What lab serves as an index of function of both the liver and kidney?
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
40
What lab serves as an indirect and rough measurement of renal function?
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
41
Normal Range of BUN?
8-20 mg/dL
42
Critical level for BUN?
>100 mg/dL
43
Creatinine is a measure of function of which organ?
kidney
44
Serum creatinine levels are affected by ________ __________.
muscle mass
45
Normal range for serum creatinine?
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
46
Critical value for serum creatinine?
7 mg/dL
47
What is the BUN:Cr ratio?
10:1 If >20:1, consider pre-renal causes of azotemia such as dehydration or GI bleed
48
Which mineral is used to evaluate parathyroid function?
Calcium
49
This mineral should be monitored in patients with kidney injury, hyperparathyroidism and various malignancies
Calcium
50
Normal range of serum calcium?
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
51
Critical values for calcium?
13.5 mg/dL
52
Symptoms which may indicate hypercalcemia?
* anorexia * n/v * somnolence * coma * shortened QT interval
53
Symptoms which may indicate hypocalcemia?
* nervousness * excitability * tetany * prolonged QT interval
54
If albumin is low, the ___________ level will also be low.
calcium
55
Equation for corrected calcium?
Calcium = [0.8 x (normal albumin-patient's albumin)] + serum Calcium level Note: default normal albumin is 4
56
What is ionized Calcium?
"Free" calcium flowing in blood not attached to proteins.
57
Name a few drugs that may lead to an increase in serum calcium levels.
* Tamoxifen * Estrogen * Progesterone * antacids * Chronic diuretic use (thiazides) * Lithium

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