Lab Med Midterm pt 2 Flashcards
What type of WBC causes Leukocystosis?
Neutrophils
It’s also called Neutropenia
Absolute neutrophil count < 1000 in African-Americans)
Level found in Neutrophilia
Absolute neutrophil count > 8000/cu mm or >70%
Acute infections
Localized (pneumonia, meningitis, tonsillitis)
Generalized (rheumatic fever, septicemia)
Inflammation (e.g., vasculitis)
Intoxications
Tissue necrosis (MI, tumor necrosis, burns)
Hypoxia and stress
Corticosteroid administration - Peak in 4-6 hours, return to normal in 24 hours.
Epinephrine
Lymphocytosis levels
> 4000/cu mm in adults
Lymphocytopenia levels
<1500/cu mm in adults
Which 2 WBC can do phagocytosis?
Eosinophils and Basophils
WBC > 100,000 is a sign of
Leukemia
WBC usually < 50,000 is a sign of
Leukemoid Reaction
The 3 L’s of wbc’s:
Left shift: Increased number of immature forms (bands). Historical reference
Leukemoid Reaction: May be myelocytic, lymphocytic or monocytic.
Leukemia: Progressive proliferation of abnormal leukocytes
Which Leukemia?
Incidence: 75% are less than 15 yo (3-7 yo)
ALL – Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Which Leukemia?
Incidence increases with age (65 yo)
AML – Acute Myelocytic Leukemia
Which Leukemia?
B cell derived
Incidence > 60 yo, most common leukemia in Western Hemisphere
CLL - Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia
Which Leukemia?
Philadelphia chromosome in WBCs
CML – Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
ELLIPTOCYTOSIS in RBC’s is due to a defect in the membrane called:
Spectrin
Presents with sudden onset of bleeding,
and ultimately causes thrombotic occlusion
D.I.C: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy
What is the hallmark sign of Hemophilia A?
Profuse bleeding
Hemophilia A
Deficiency of clotting factor _
Clotting factor VIII
Which is Classic Hemophilia since it represents 80% of all hemophilia cases?
Hemophilia A
The 2 important clotting factors in Hemophilia are:
Clotting factors VIII (A) and IX (B)
What condition is also known as Christmas disease?
Hemophilia B
What is Thrombocytopenia?
Low Platelet count <150,000/mm3
A low Platelet count <150,000/mm3 is the sign for which disorder?
Thrombocytopenia
Prothrombin time normal values
11.0- 13.0 seconds
Which clotting factors are Extrinsic? Intrinsic?
Extrinsic: VII
Intrinsic: XII, XI, IX, VIII
Blood banking for anemia is unique why? (3)
Component therapy rather than whole blood.
Depends on donor program – How was your experience?
Involves donor interview, blood testing and processing.
Tests done for a blood transfusion (4)
(Type) – A, B, AB, O
Rh type (positive or negative) antibody
Antibody Screen (Coomb’s test)
Type and Cross for # units of blood
5 things on the NIH consensus for a patient to require a transfusion:
Hgb Hct Platelets FFP Cryoprecipitate
List 7 risks of RBC transfusion in the USA.
Febrile non-hemolytic RXN Minor allergic reactions Bacterial contamination Viral Hepatitis Hemolytic transfusion rxn Fatal Immunosuppression HIV infection
Never order 1 unit of ___ b/c of it raises HCT and Hbt1
Packed RBC’s
the BEST single screening test for platelet function disorders
Bleeding time
