Lab Material Quiz Flashcards
What do chloroplasts do?
Capture sunlight
What type of cell carries out photosynthesis?
Plant cell
What is the organelle in which respiration occurs?
Mitochondria
What does the Mitochondria do?
The powerhouse of the cell (supply energy)
Which type of cells carry out respiration?
Plant and Animal cells
What is an autotroph?
An organism that uses the sun to MAKE IT’S OWN FOOD.
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that must utilize another organism for food/ energy.
What is the ultimate source of energy?
Sun
What is an example of an autotroph?
Trees, Grass, etc.
What is an example of a heterotroph?
Bears, Humans, etc.
What does ADP mean?
Adenosine Diphosphate (2 phosphates)
What does ATP mean?
Adenosine Triphosphate (3 or more phosphates)
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
6 CO2+ 6 H2O –(with sunlight)–> C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 –> 6 CO2+ 6 H2O (+ ATP)
What is pigment?
Light absorbing molecule
What is the main pigment in photosynthesis?
Green (Chlorophyll)
Where is the chlorophyll found?
Chlorophyll is found in plants in the thylakoid.
Where do light- dependent reactions take place?
Thylakoid membrane (chloroplast)
Where do light- independent reactions take place?
Storma (chloroplast)
Photolysis does what?
Turns H2O into H+O
What is the formula for light dependent reactions?
ADP + NADP + H2O + Light –> O + ATP + NADPH (I just have H2O + light –> H + O + ATP)
What is the formula for light independent reactions?
ATP + NADPH –> Glucose + ADP + NADP (I just have 6CO2 + H –> C6 H12 O6)
What would happen to the amount of sugars produced by the plants if the amount of CO2 available was reduced?
The amount of sugars would decrease. This is because in the equation for photosynthesis, CO2 is a reactant. Without CO2, photosynthesis could not take place and there would be no sugars made.
Explain how each of the following affects the rate of photosynthesis: CO2, light, water, temperature, and wavelength of light.
CO2: reactant of photosynthesis formula, process cannot happen without it
Light: used to split water in photosynthesis
Water: reactant of photosynthesis formula, process cannot happen without it
Temperature: can kill a plant if it is too severe
Wavelength of light: (idk but) determines what colors are absorbed or reflected by the plant
In what type of organism does cellular respiration occur?
Autotrophs (all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes) **It does occur in heteotrophs!
What is aerobic?
Uses Oxygen to grow
What is anaerobic?
Does not use Oxygen to grow
How many steps does cellular respiration have?
3
What are the steps of cellular respiration? (Where does each step occur? Which step is anaerobic?)
Glycolysis (Cytoplasm) (Anaerobic), Kreb’s Cycle (Mitochondria), and electron transport chain (Mitochondria).
What is the formula for Glycolysis?
C6 H12 O6 + 2NAD + 2ADP + 2P –> 2 pyruvic acid + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H (I think it is just C6 H12 O6 –> 2 pyruvic acid + 2ATP, but I am not sure) (((((I DON”T THINK WE HAVE TO KNOW THIS)))))
What is the formula for Kreb’s Cycle?
CO2 –> NADH
What is the formula for Electron Transport Chain?
2H + 2E + 1/2 O2 –> H2O + energy
What is fermentation?
The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria and yeasts.
What is the product of alcoholic fermentation? (What are some consumer products made from this?)
ATP and ADP (Anaerobic respiration/ fermentation DOES NOT produce any ADP or ATP) (alcohol and CO2) (Bread and alcohol)
What is the product lactic fermentation? (What are some consumer products made from this?)
C3 H6 O3 (yogurt and sour cream)
What happens to energy not harnessed by respiration?
This energy will stop chaining because the energy is being used to help the breathing process. (It is released as heat)
In Cellular Respiration, how many ATP’s are made anaerobically?
2
In Cellular Respiration, how many ATP’s are made aerobically?
36
What are the Aerobic steps of Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, and Electron Transportation Chain
What are the Anaerobic steps of Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis, Fermentation (Lactic Acid Fermentation or Alcoholic Fermentation)
In what point in photosynthesis is most beneficial to animals?
Photolysis because O2 is given
What is the longest/ strongest wavelength?
Violet
What is the shortest?weakest wavelength?
Red
Calvin Cycle occurs in the ____.
Stroma
Bonds Broken (in ADP or ATP)= Energy _____.
released
Bonds Created (in ADP or ATP)= Energy _____.
stored
Photosynthesis occurs in ______ organisms.
Autotrophs/ Producers (plants, some protists, and some bacteria)
Cellular Respiration occurs in _____ organisms.
Eukaryotes and some prokaryotes
How are photosynthesis and respiration relates in terms of reactants/products, energy storage/release, type of organism, location within cells?
Reactants/products: One process’s reactants is the other’s products and vice versa
Energy storage/release: (idk but) In both processes, energy is stored when bonds are created and released when they are broken
Type of organism: P- Autotrophs (plants, some protists, and some bacteria) CR- all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes
Location within cells: P- Chloroplasts CR- Mitochondria
Are light and chlorophyll reactants or products of photosynthesis?
No, they are neither
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis? What are the colors of light are
reflected by this pigments? What are the colors of light are absorbed by this pigment? What color do we see because of this pigment?
Chlorophyll, Green, All the other colors, Green
Where is chlorophyll found?
In the thylakoid, which is in the chloroplasts
During which stage of photosynthesis does photolysis occur?
First (Light dependent stage)
What are the reactants and products of photolysis?
H20 –> H+O
What happens if oxygen is not present after glysolysis?
Lactic Acid Fermentation or Alcoholic Fermentation occurs
What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ADP is a partially charged battery. ATP is a fully charged battery
What type of sugars are in ATP and ADP?
ribose
What are the stages of photosynthesis?
Light dependent (photolysis) and light independent (Calvin cycle)
What is ADP + P?
ATP
What is the stomata?
Openings in leaves through which CO2 enters the plant
What are the thylakoids?
The place that holds chlorophyll
What is ATP used for?
Daily functions
What is pyruvic acid?
Product of glycolysis
What is 90x better than ATP?
Glucose
What is the role of an enzyme?
It lowers the energy needed to get a chemical bond going
What are the three parts of an ATP compound?
Adenine, Ribos, Sugars
What is the ratio of a carbohydrate?
1:2:1
What is used to represent wavelength of light?
Nanometers (nm)
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
