Chapter 7 Biology

Question 1

What is Homeostatsis?

Answer 1

the process of keeping the internal conditions in an organism stable.

this refers to the need for living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment to survive (temp., O2, nutrients, and pH)

Question 2

What is Cellular Transport?

Answer 2

the movement of materials into and out of the cells

maintaining homeostasis

Question 3

What is the Cell Membrane?

Answer 3

the membrane that surrounds the contents of a cell and allows only certain things in/out of the cell (protects) (contains protein)

Question 4

What does selectively permeable mean?

Answer 4

the membrane only allows certain substances in (the substances that are allowed are considered permeable)

Question 5

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 5

the 2 layers of phospholipid molecules arranged tail to tail that help make up cell membrane

Question 6

What is the active transport?

Answer 6

process such as endocytosis and exocytosis that require some of the cells energy.

Question 7

What is passive transport?

Answer 7

process such as osmosis and diffusion that do not require energy.

Question 8

What is diffusion?

Answer 8

movement of RANDOM molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower. (lungs)

Question 9

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 9

diffusion of molecules across a membrane through special proteins in the membrane

Question 10

What is an equilibrium?

Answer 10

When concentrations on both sides are equal.

Question 11

What is osmosis?

Answer 11

the movement of water across a membrane

always in water) (moves solutes
(greater on one side than the other) (selectively permeable)

Question 12

What is solute?

Answer 12

dissolved particles

Question 13

What is Hypertonic?

Answer 13

having a higher solute concentration outside the cell and causing the cell to shrink

Question 14

What is Hypotonic?

Answer 14

having a higher solute concentration inside the cell and causing the cell to swell (hippo)

Question 15

What is Isotonic?

Answer 15

having an equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell (no net movement)

Question 16

Why did scientists call cells “mosaics”?

Answer 16

There are many parts working together just like a mosaic

Question 17

Name three types of organisms that have cell walls.

Answer 17

plants, algae, fungi

Question 18

What does a cell wall do?

Answer 18

provide support and protection made of cellulose

Question 19

What is a solution?

Answer 19

a mixture of 2 or more substances

Question 20

Because cells are hypertonic in relation to fresh water, __________ produces a net movement in the water

Answer 20

osmotic pressure (cell walls keep the cells from bursting from this pressure)

Question 21

What are protein channels?

Answer 21

make it easy for certain molecules to cross the membrane.

Question 22

Active Transport move molecules (with/against) the concentration gradient.

Answer 22

against

Question 23

What is endocytosis?

Answer 23

the process of taking material by the “pockets” of the cell membrane.

the 2 types are phagocytosis(how amoeba gets food) and phocytosis

Question 24

List the 3 components of the cell theory.

Answer 24

• All living things are made of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of structure and function
• New cells are produced from old ones

Question 25

High resolution video technology can be used to produce moves of cells as they _____.

Answer 25

grow, divide, and develop.

Question 26

Why are cells called cells and who was the first to see and name them?

Answer 26

Robert Hooke saw them as little rooms (cells)

Question 27

Transmission electron microscopes can be used to used to explore cell ___ and ____ molecules.

Answer 27

structures and protein

Question 28

Scanning electron microscope produces what kind of images?

Answer 28

3D

Question 29

KNOW TIMELINE (on 7.1-7.2 sheet)

Answer 29

:)))

Question 30

Scanning Probe microscopes observe what?

Answer 30

Single atoms

Question 31

What do all cells have?

Answer 31

cell membrane, DNA

Question 32

What defines/ divides cells?

Answer 32

Whether or not they have a nucleus

Question 33

“eu” means what

Answer 33

true

Question 34

“pro” means what

Answer 34

before

Question 35

Prokaryotes have DNA but is it stored in the nucleus?

Answer 35

no, it does not have a nucleus.

instead they reproduce and respond

(simple organisms)

Question 36

Eukaryotes have DNA but is it stored in the nucleus?

Answer 36

yes, it is

larger than prokaryotes (like a factory)

divided into nucleus and cytoplasm

(plants, animals, fungi, and protists)

Question 37

Organelles are also known as what?

Answer 37

Little organs

Question 38

KNOW PARTS OF THE CELL AND THEIR FUNCTION

Answer 38

on the 7.1-7.2 sheet

Question 39

What is the Nucleolus?

Answer 39

part of the nucleus that is small and dense.

Question 40

What is the Nuclear Envelope?

Answer 40

what the nucleus is surrounded by (composed of 2 membranes)

Question 41

What is a Ribosome?

Answer 41

small particles of RNA and found throughout the cytoplasm

Question 42

What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 42

portion of the ER involved in synthesis of proteins (aka rougher)

Question 43

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 43

customizes the proteins

Question 44

What are lysosomes?

Answer 44

the digestion and breakdown of lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell

Question 45

How do cells get energy?

Answer 45

food molecules or the sun

Question 46

What is the Mitochondria?

Answer 46

organelles that convert the chemical energy stored if food in compounds that are more convenient. (contain their own genetic material)

Question 47

What is the Chloroplast?

Answer 47

the biological solar power plants (contain their own genetic material)

Question 48

What is the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 48

something that helps support the cell

Question 49

What is the Centriole?

Answer 49

helps organize cell division and are not found in plants.