Lab Manual Packet Flashcards
1
Q
The center of embalming circulation
A
The arch of the aorta
2
Q
Since the arch of the aorta is the center of embalming circulation, it is imperative to
A
Select an injection site as close as possible to the arch
3
Q
The center of venous drainage
A
The right atrium of the heart
4
Q
Medial
A
Going toward the middle of the body; toward the midsagittal plane
5
Q
Lateral
A
Going away from the middle of the body; away from the midsagittal plane
6
Q
Superficial
A
Going toward the surface of the body
7
Q
Superficialis
A
Noting a superficial artery, vein, nerve or other structure near the body surface.
8
Q
Deep
A
Going toward the center of the body well below the body surface
9
Q
Anterior
A
Situated at or directed toward the front of the body
10
Q
Posterior
A
Situated at or directed toward the back of the body
11
Q
Bifurcate
A
To divide into two branches (equal sizes)
12
Q
Superior
A
Going toward the head
13
Q
Inferior
A
Going toward the feet
14
Q
Abut
A
To touch or contact as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyelids.
15
Q
Articulation
A
Place of union between two or more bones
16
Q
Subcutaneous
A
Situated or occurring beneath the skin
17
Q
Buccal cavity
A
Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth
18
Q
Canalization
A
Formation of new channels in a tissue
19
Q
Lumen of a vessel
A
The hollow space within an artery, intestine, or anatomical, tubelike structure. Will decrease in diametric size as they distance themselves from the aorta and vena cava.
20
Q
Cachexia
A
General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting. May occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
21
Q
Desiccation marks
A
May occur in the area of right common carotid artery caused by instruments at this injection site; occur from damage to the surface of the skin
22
Q
The external iliac vein becomes the_________ as it passes through the ilium bone
A
Femoral vein
23
Q
Anatomical guide
A
Any surface, prominence, or structure which is used to establish the location of adjacent structures or prominence. A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known.
24
Q
Anatomical limits
A
The point of origin and termination of a vessel as expressed in relation to adjacent structures or prominences. Used to designate boundaries of arteries.
25
Linear guide
Imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin which represents the approximate location of a deeper lying structure or prominence
26
Another word for brachiocephalic artery
Innominate
27
The right common carotid artery is a terminal branch of the
Brachiocephalic artery
28
The ______________ is the first branch off the arch of the aorta
Brachiocephalic artery
29
The _____________ is the second branch off the arch of the aorta
Left common carotid artery
30
Linear guide of the common carotid artery
A point from the sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear.
31
The carotid artery lies along the medial border of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle
32
The left common carotid artery is _______ than the right common carotid artery
Longer
33
Right common carotid artery begins at...
The level of sternoclavicular articulation
34
The right common carotid artery terminates at....
The level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
35
The left common carotid artery beings at...
The level of the second costal cartilage
36
The left carotid artery terminates at...
The superior border of the thyroid cartilage
37
Supraclavicular incision
Along the superior boarder of the clavicular bone (limit to three inches)
38
Most funeral homes prefer the incision to be along the...
Inferior border of the Medial 1/3 of the clavicle bone
39
An incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries is made along the....
Superior border of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle.
40
Parallel incision
An incision made along the posterior boarder of the inferior sternocleidomastoid muscle. (Not used in embalming)
41
Restricted clavicle method (incision)
Involves utilization of both common carotids and both internal jugular veins. Recommended for difficult cases.
42
Considerations (pros) of the restricted cervicle method
- direct distribution to the face
- close to center of venous drainage
- close to center of embalming circulation
- fluid will enter the head from vertebral arteries
- has no branches except it's terminal branches
43
Precautions (cons) of restricted cervicle method
- incision may be visible after dressing
- tubes may leave mark on face
- face may be over injected on the left side when using right common carotid as an injection site and vice versa
44
Internal and external carotid arteries originate...
At the bifurcation of the left and right common carotid arteries at the superior boarder of thyroid cartilage
45
Bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries occur _________ not ___________
Front to back, not side to side
46
External carotid artery: anterior branch
Primary blood supply to the face
47
Internal carotid artery: posterior branch
Primary blood supply to the brain.
48
The accompanying vein to the internal carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
49
The internal jugular vein lies
Lateral and superficial to the common carotid artery
50
The common carotid artery will lie....
Medial and deep to the internal jugular vein.
51
The external facial artery is also called the
Maxillary artery
52
External facial/maxillary artery
Branch off the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the cheeks and lips
53
The external facial/maxillary artery runs along the___________ border of the mandible just anterior to the ________________________
inferior, angle of the mandible.
54
Place of incision for the external facial/maxillary artery
Along the anatomical guide, not more than one inch in length, directly over the mandibular notch.
55
The right subclavian artery arises from
right brachiocephalic artery
56
Right subclavian artery terminates at....
The lateral boarder of the first rib.
57
The Left subclavian artery arises from
the arch of the aorta as the third branch. Begins at the level of the second costal cartilage.
58
Left subclavian artery terminates at...
The lateral boarder of the first rib
59
The left subclavian artery is _______ than the right subclavian artery
Longer
60
Each subclavian artery gives off four branches:
1) left and right vertebral
2) left and right internal mammary
3) left and right costocervical
4) left and right thyrocervical
61
All incisions used in arterial injection should be limited to
No more than three inches
62
Left and right vertebral arteries originate from the
left and right subclavian arteries and terminates by forming the basilar artery in the foramen magnum.
63
Place of incision: subclavian artery
Along the inferior border of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle bone, exposing the vessel near its point of termination
64
The axillary artery is a continuation of the_____________Artery and terminates by becoming the____________ artery
Subclavian, brachial
65
Anterior boundary of the axillary space
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle
66
Posterior boarder of the base of the axillary space
Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle.
67
Medial boundary of the base of the axillary space
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall
68
Lateral boundary of the base of the axillary space
Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the arm
69
Mid-axillary line of the base of the axillary space
A vertical line drawn from the center of the medial boarder of the base of the axillary space
70
the axillary artery runs through the center of ____________________ and parallel to the _____________ of the upper extremity when abducted
the base of axillary space, long axis
71
the axillary artery is posterior to the __________ border of the _______________ muscle
medial border, coracobrachialis
72
The axillary artery begins at______________________
The lateral border of the first rib
73
The axillary artery terminates at __________________
The inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle
74
Place of incision for the axillary artery
Along the anterior margin of the hairline of the axilla
75
The vessels in the axillary space are relatively __________________(deep/superficial)
Superficial
76
The axillary artery will lie ___________and __________to the axillary vein
Lateral and deep
77
The brachial artery is a continuation of the _____________
Axillary artery
78
The brachial artery terminates at the __________ where it bifurcates to become the ___________and ___________arteries
Elbow, ulnar and radial
79
Brachial artery lies _________ to the medial border of the belly of the _________________ muscle
Posterior, biceps brachii
80
Brachial artery begins at the inferior border of the tendon of the __________________muscle
Teres major
81
Brachial artery terminates at the point just inferior to the ____________________
Antecubital fossa (elbow)
82
Brachial vein's accompanying vein for drainage
Basilic vein
83
Basilic vein is _________and ___________]to the brachial artery
Medial and superficial
84
The brachial artery will lie _______and __________to the basilic vein
Lateral and deep
85
Radial artery originates at the
Bifurcation of the brachial artery
86
Radial artery is on the surface of the forearm from center of the Antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the _______________
second digit
87
Radial artery is just _________ to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle
Lateral
88
Ulnar artery originates at the bifurcation of the ____________ and is ____________ than the radial artery
Brachial artery, larger
89
Ulnar artery is on the surface of the forearm from the center of the Antecubital fossa to
A point between the fourth and fifth digits
90
Ulnar artery lies _____ to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Lateral
91
Volar arch
The same as deep & superficial palmar arch
92
Brachiocephalic artery is the first branch off of the __________ and is only on the _________ side
Aortic arch, right
93
Brachiocephalic artery is about ________inches long
2-3
94
Right brachiocephalic vein will lie _________and________to the right brachiocephalic artery
Lateral and superficial
95
Right brachiocephalic artery will lie _______and ________to the right brachiocephalic vein
Medial and deep
96
The aorta is divided into ____ parts
4
97
The 4 divisions of the aorta
1) ascending aorta
2) arch of the aorta
3) descending thoracic
4) descending abdominal
98
Ascending aorta arises from the
Left ventricle of the heart
99
Arch of the aorta continues from the __________________ and is the center of _________________
Ascending aorta, embalming circulation
100
Why is the heart excluded from embalming circulation?
Because at death the tricuspid valve as well as the bicuspid or mitral valve shut down
101
The descending thoracic and abdominal aorta runs along
The left side of the spine
102
The diaphragm (phrenic muscle) divides the
Descending thoracic aorta from the descending abdominal aorta
103
All major trunk trunk arteries arise or originate from
The descending aorta
104
In infants, the artery to raise for injection is the
Descending abdominal aorta or the femoral artery
105
Superior (from above) and inferior (from below) vena cava empty into the
Right atrium of the heart
106
All veins have valves except for the
Superior and inferior vena cava
107
All veins (except the portal veins) will eventually drain into the
Superior and inferior vena cava
108
Portal veins lead to the
Liver
109
Common iliac artery originates at
The descending abdominal aorta.
110
Descending abdominal aorta bifurcates into the
Right and left common iliac arteries
111
Common iliac vein lies directly ________ to the common iliac artery
Inferior
112
Common iliac artery lies directly ___________ to the common iliac vein
Superior
113
External iliac artery is an extension of the
Common iliac artery
114
External iliac artery lies along the medial borer of the
Psoas major muscle
115
The external iliac vein lies _________ and ________to the external iliac artery
Medial and deep
116
The external iliac artery will lie ________and_______to the external iliac vein
Lateral and superficial
117
Internal iliac artery originates from the
Common iliac artery
118
Internal iliac artery branches off approximately half way down the _____________ muscle toward the __________
Psoas major, pubic viscera
119
Internal iliac artery carries blood to the organs in the
Pubic cavity
120
Artery usually severed in autopsy cases
Internal iliac artery
121
Another name for the internal iliac artery
Hypogastric artery
122
Femoral artery is a continuation of
The external iliac artery
123
Femoral artery lies on the surface of the thigh from the center of the _____________ to the center point on the medial condyle of the __________ bone
Inguinal ligament, femur
124
Condyle
Rounded articular process of a bone
125
Femoral artery runs through the center of the ___________, bounded laterally by the __________muscle and medially by the _______________ muscle
Femoral triangle, sartorius muscle, adductor longus
126
Femoral artery begins at the point _________ to the center of the ____________
Posterior, Inguinal ligament
127
Femoral artery terminates at the opening in the _______________ muscle
Adductor Magnus
128
Incision sight for femoral artery would be along any portion of the _____________________ of the linear guide
Superior two thirds
129
Relative position of femoral vein _________ at the Inguinal ligament, progressing to immediately _________ at the apex of the femoral triangle.
Medial, posterior
130
In theory, when injecting humectants/ dyes you should always use the
Femoral artery
131
Femoral vein will lie ________and ________to the femoral artery
Medial and deep
132
Femoral artery will lie ________and________to the femoral vein
Lateral and superficial
133
Base of the femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament ( pouparts ligament )
134
Lateral border of the femoral triangle
Sartorius muscle
135
Medial border of the femoral triangle
Adductor longus
136
Apex of the femoral triangle
Adductor Magnus ( not part of femoral triangle)
137
Another name of femoral triangle
Scarpa's triangle
138
Profunda femoris artery will bifurcate from the _________ aspect of the femoral artery w/in scarpa's triangle
Anterior
139
Profunda femoris artery descends downward along the __________ aspect of the thigh
Lateral
140
Profunda femoris artery terminates at the
Knee
141
Popliteal artery is an extension of the
Femoral artery
142
Popliteal artery runs through the center of the _____________ parallel to the long axis of lower extremity
Popliteal space
143
Popliteal artery begins at the opening of the ____________ muscle
Adductor Magnus
144
Popliteal artery terminates at the _____________
Inferior border of the popliteus muscle
145
Anterior tibial artery originates at the
Bifurcation at the popliteal artery
146
Anterior tibial artery runs from the _________ border of the ________ to the anterior surface of the _________ joint
Lateral, patella, ankle
147
Place of incision of the anterior tibial artery
Along lateral margin of the inferior 1/3 of the crest of tibia bone
148
The peroneal artery is a branch off of the
Posterior tibial artery
149
Posterior tibial artery originates at the
Bifurcation at the popliteal artery
150
Posterior tibial artery runs from the center of the __________ space to a point midway between the _______________ and the calcaneus bone
Popliteal, medial malleolus
151
Place of incision for the posterior tibial artery
Midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus tendon
152
Dorsal is pedis artery is an extension of the
Anterior tibial artery
153
Dorsalis pedis artery runs from the center of the anterior surface of the ___________ to a point between the first and second ________
Ankle joint, digits (toes)
154
Place of incision of the dorsalis pedis artery
Along superior 1/3 of the linear guide-superficial.
155
Planters arch is formed at the base of the _______anteriorly by the ________________ artery and posteriorly by the __________________
Digits (toes), dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial artery
156
Other factors governing selection of arteries to be used for injection
1) age
2) sex
3) weight
4) fat distribution
5) disfigurations
6) disease
7) edema
8) location obstruction
9) trauma
10) medico-legal requirements
11) cause of death
12) manner of death
157
Difference between a medical examiner autopsy and a hospital autopsy
Hospitals need permission and they do not typically return viscera; medical examiners do not need permission, and they typically return the viscera.
158
N.A.S.H. Cause of death
N-Natural
A-Accident
S-Suicide
H-Homicide
159
Difference between a medical examiner and a coroner
Medial examiners investigate; coroners hold inquest
160
Blunt dissection
Separation and pushing aside of superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels. Utilizing manual techniques or rounded ended instruments that separate rather than cut the protective tissues.
161
Ligate
To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming
162
In case of blood borne pathogens, it is best to use the ________ artery because it is farther from your face
Femoral
163
5 different incisions
1) transvers
2) diagonal
3) longitudinal
4) T-shaped
5) triangular (wedge)
164
Coagulation
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as alcohol or aldehyde.
165
Coagulation is a specific form of ______________
Agglutination
166
Three different suture needles
1) half moon- neatest incision, most dangerous
2) J- shaped ( single curve)
3) S-shaped ( double curve)- safest, messy closure
167
Single, intradermal, subcutaneous suture ( hidden stitch)
Made with a single suturing needle with non-cutting edge, and is used on exposed areas of the body, particularly in plastic surgery operations
168
Double intradermal or double subcutaneous suture
Made in the same manner as single intradermal stitch, except a suturing needle is used on each end of the ligature (two suturing needles) and ligatures are crossed at each stitch using a crisscross motion like tying shoes. Gives more protection against leakage in comparison with the single intradermal stitch.
169
Baseball stitch or sail stitch
Type of stitch used on baseball covers and was the type of incision used by the Egyptians. Usually uses an s-shaped suture needle
170
Veins and arteries have _______ layers
3
171
Lock stitch, half stitch, or blanket suture
Makes tight, leak proof closure, but creates unsightly ridge on surface of incision.
172
Figure 8 suture
Anchor surface ligature around pins. Considered a temporary suture. Suggested use is to bring and hold lips of incision together before and during embalming operation until more permanent closure is made.
173
Draw stitch
Same as single intradermal suture except this stitch penetrates completely through the skin.
174
Worm stitch
Easily waxed over if used on exposed areas of the body. Used to turn under excess margins of the skin. Opposite of the draw stitch in regards to exposed areas of the ligature.
175
Whip stitch, continuos glover stitch or roll stitch
Used by passing ligature through both sides of the incision from the outside going from one side to the other as the incision is sutured.
176
Bridge suture, temporary interrupted suture
Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge. Normally used as a temporary stitch, may be applied prior to embalming to align tissues
177
Purse string suture
Used to close small punctures or holes. A series of small stitches are made through skin around circumference of the opening. The ends of thread are then knotted.
178
Arteries have ______ heavy coats and are ______ walled
3, thick
179
Three layers of artery wall
1) tunica intima (inner layer)
2) tunica media ( middle layer)
3) tunica adventica ( outer layer)
180
Vasa vasorum
Blood vessels supplying nutrients to the larger arteries and veins. Distributed to the walls of the larger veins and arteries throughout the vascular system.
181
Veins have _____ coats and are _______ walled
3, thin
182
Arteries have ______ lumen
Small
183
Veins have ________ lumen
Large
184
Nerves have no _______ or __________
Lumen, vasa vasorum
185
Organs in the right hypochondriac region
Greater part of right lobe of the liver, hepatic flexure of the colon, part of the right kidney, gall bladder
186
Organs in the epigastric region
Greater part of the stomach including cardiac and pyloric orifices. Left lobe and part of right lobe of liver, greater part of the pancreas, duodenum, suprarenal capsules and parts of the kidneys.
187
Organs in the left hypochondriac region
Fundus of the stomach, spleen, tail of the pancreas, splenic fixture of the colon, part of the left lobe of the liver
188
Organs in the Right lumbar region
Ascending colon, lower part of the right kidney, part of small intestine
189
Organs of the umbilical region
Transverse colon, parts of both kidneys, parts of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Part of great omentum and mesentary,
190
Organs of the left lumbar region
Part of the left kidney, descending colon, part of the omentum, part of small intestine.
191
Organs of the right Inguinal (iliac) region
The cecum and vermiform appendix, part of ascending colon
192
Organs in the hypogastric region
Part of the small intestines, bladder in children and in adults if distended, uterus during pregnancy
193
Organs of the left Inguinal (iliac) region
Sigmoid flexure of colon and part of the descending colon
194
The trocar is inserted where?
The umbilical region, two inches to the left and two inches above the navel.
195
What will come out of the stomach during aspiration?
Brown coffee ground consistency with acrid or sour smell
196
What will come out of the cecum during aspiration?
Yellow fecal matter
197
What will come out of the urinary bladder during aspiration?
Yellow bubbles
198
What will come out of the right side of the heart when aspirated?
Dark red venous blood (atrium)
199
What will come from the lungs when aspirated?
Clear or red foam or frothy white; no odor
200
What will come from the brain during aspiration?
Clear fluid, may contain small specks of tissue with no odor. May be creamy white
201
Pubic symphysis
Fibrocartilage that joins the two pubic bones in the median plane
202
Anterior superior iliac spine
Hip bone
203
Father of US/ Modern embalming
Dr. Thomas Holmes
204
The right subclavian artery begins at
the sternoclavicular articulation
