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Embalming > Lab Manual Packet > Flashcards

Lab Manual Packet Flashcards

1
Q

The center of embalming circulation

A

The arch of the aorta

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2
Q

Since the arch of the aorta is the center of embalming circulation, it is imperative to

A

Select an injection site as close as possible to the arch

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3
Q

The center of venous drainage

A

The right atrium of the heart

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4
Q

Medial

A

Going toward the middle of the body; toward the midsagittal plane

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5
Q

Lateral

A

Going away from the middle of the body; away from the midsagittal plane

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6
Q

Superficial

A

Going toward the surface of the body

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7
Q

Superficialis

A

Noting a superficial artery, vein, nerve or other structure near the body surface.

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8
Q

Deep

A

Going toward the center of the body well below the body surface

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Situated at or directed toward the front of the body

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10
Q

Posterior

A

Situated at or directed toward the back of the body

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11
Q

Bifurcate

A

To divide into two branches (equal sizes)

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12
Q

Superior

A

Going toward the head

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13
Q

Inferior

A

Going toward the feet

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14
Q

Abut

A

To touch or contact as with the tarsal plates of the closed eyelids.

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15
Q

Articulation

A

Place of union between two or more bones

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16
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Situated or occurring beneath the skin

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17
Q

Buccal cavity

A

Vestibule of the oral cavity; the space between the lips, gums, and teeth

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18
Q

Canalization

A

Formation of new channels in a tissue

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19
Q

Lumen of a vessel

A

The hollow space within an artery, intestine, or anatomical, tubelike structure. Will decrease in diametric size as they distance themselves from the aorta and vena cava.

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20
Q

Cachexia

A

General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting. May occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.

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21
Q

Desiccation marks

A

May occur in the area of right common carotid artery caused by instruments at this injection site; occur from damage to the surface of the skin

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22
Q

The external iliac vein becomes the_________ as it passes through the ilium bone

A

Femoral vein

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23
Q

Anatomical guide

A

Any surface, prominence, or structure which is used to establish the location of adjacent structures or prominence. A descriptive reference for locating arteries and veins by means of anatomical structures which are known.

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24
Q

Anatomical limits

A

The point of origin and termination of a vessel as expressed in relation to adjacent structures or prominences. Used to designate boundaries of arteries.

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25
Q

Linear guide

A

Imaginary line drawn on the surface of the skin which represents the approximate location of a deeper lying structure or prominence

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26
Q

Another word for brachiocephalic artery

A

Innominate

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27
Q

The right common carotid artery is a terminal branch of the

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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28
Q

The ______________ is the first branch off the arch of the aorta

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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29
Q

The _____________ is the second branch off the arch of the aorta

A

Left common carotid artery

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30
Q

Linear guide of the common carotid artery

A

A point from the sternoclavicular articulation to the anterior surface of the lobe of the ear.

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31
Q

The carotid artery lies along the medial border of the

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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32
Q

The left common carotid artery is _______ than the right common carotid artery

A

Longer

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33
Q

Right common carotid artery begins at…

A

The level of sternoclavicular articulation

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34
Q

The right common carotid artery terminates at….

A

The level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

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35
Q

The left common carotid artery beings at…

A

The level of the second costal cartilage

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36
Q

The left carotid artery terminates at…

A

The superior border of the thyroid cartilage

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37
Q

Supraclavicular incision

A

Along the superior boarder of the clavicular bone (limit to three inches)

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38
Q

Most funeral homes prefer the incision to be along the…

A

Inferior border of the Medial 1/3 of the clavicle bone

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39
Q

An incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries is made along the….

A

Superior border of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle.

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40
Q

Parallel incision

A

An incision made along the posterior boarder of the inferior sternocleidomastoid muscle. (Not used in embalming)

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41
Q

Restricted clavicle method (incision)

A

Involves utilization of both common carotids and both internal jugular veins. Recommended for difficult cases.

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42
Q

Considerations (pros) of the restricted cervicle method

A
  • direct distribution to the face
  • close to center of venous drainage
  • close to center of embalming circulation
  • fluid will enter the head from vertebral arteries
  • has no branches except it’s terminal branches
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43
Q

Precautions (cons) of restricted cervicle method

A
  • incision may be visible after dressing
  • tubes may leave mark on face
  • face may be over injected on the left side when using right common carotid as an injection site and vice versa
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44
Q

Internal and external carotid arteries originate…

A

At the bifurcation of the left and right common carotid arteries at the superior boarder of thyroid cartilage

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45
Q

Bifurcation of internal and external carotid arteries occur _________ not ___________

A

Front to back, not side to side

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46
Q

External carotid artery: anterior branch

A

Primary blood supply to the face

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47
Q

Internal carotid artery: posterior branch

A

Primary blood supply to the brain.

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48
Q

The accompanying vein to the internal carotid artery

A

Internal jugular vein

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49
Q

The internal jugular vein lies

A

Lateral and superficial to the common carotid artery

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50
Q

The common carotid artery will lie….

A

Medial and deep to the internal jugular vein.

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51
Q

The external facial artery is also called the

A

Maxillary artery

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52
Q

External facial/maxillary artery

A

Branch off the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the cheeks and lips

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53
Q

The external facial/maxillary artery runs along the___________ border of the mandible just anterior to the ________________________

A

inferior, angle of the mandible.

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54
Q

Place of incision for the external facial/maxillary artery

A

Along the anatomical guide, not more than one inch in length, directly over the mandibular notch.

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55
Q

The right subclavian artery arises from

A

right brachiocephalic artery

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56
Q

Right subclavian artery terminates at….

A

The lateral boarder of the first rib.

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57
Q

The Left subclavian artery arises from

A

the arch of the aorta as the third branch. Begins at the level of the second costal cartilage.

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58
Q

Left subclavian artery terminates at…

A

The lateral boarder of the first rib

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59
Q

The left subclavian artery is _______ than the right subclavian artery

A

Longer

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60
Q

Each subclavian artery gives off four branches:

A

1) left and right vertebral
2) left and right internal mammary
3) left and right costocervical
4) left and right thyrocervical

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61
Q

All incisions used in arterial injection should be limited to

A

No more than three inches

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62
Q

Left and right vertebral arteries originate from the

A

left and right subclavian arteries and terminates by forming the basilar artery in the foramen magnum.

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63
Q

Place of incision: subclavian artery

A

Along the inferior border of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle bone, exposing the vessel near its point of termination

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64
Q

The axillary artery is a continuation of the_____________Artery and terminates by becoming the____________ artery

A

Subclavian, brachial

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65
Q

Anterior boundary of the axillary space

A

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle

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66
Q

Posterior boarder of the base of the axillary space

A

Established by drawing a line along the fold of skin which envelops the lateral border of the latissimus dorsi muscle.

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67
Q

Medial boundary of the base of the axillary space

A

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the chest wall

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68
Q

Lateral boundary of the base of the axillary space

A

Established by drawing a line which connects the two points where the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles blend into the arm

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69
Q

Mid-axillary line of the base of the axillary space

A

A vertical line drawn from the center of the medial boarder of the base of the axillary space

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70
Q

the axillary artery runs through the center of ____________________ and parallel to the _____________ of the upper extremity when abducted

A

the base of axillary space, long axis

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71
Q

the axillary artery is posterior to the __________ border of the _______________ muscle

A

medial border, coracobrachialis

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72
Q

The axillary artery begins at______________________

A

The lateral border of the first rib

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73
Q

The axillary artery terminates at __________________

A

The inferior border of the tendon of the teres major muscle

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74
Q

Place of incision for the axillary artery

A

Along the anterior margin of the hairline of the axilla

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75
Q

The vessels in the axillary space are relatively __________________(deep/superficial)

A

Superficial

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76
Q

The axillary artery will lie ___________and __________to the axillary vein

A

Lateral and deep

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77
Q

The brachial artery is a continuation of the _____________

A

Axillary artery

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78
Q

The brachial artery terminates at the __________ where it bifurcates to become the ___________and ___________arteries

A

Elbow, ulnar and radial

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79
Q

Brachial artery lies _________ to the medial border of the belly of the _________________ muscle

A

Posterior, biceps brachii

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80
Q

Brachial artery begins at the inferior border of the tendon of the __________________muscle

A

Teres major

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81
Q

Brachial artery terminates at the point just inferior to the ____________________

A

Antecubital fossa (elbow)

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82
Q

Brachial vein’s accompanying vein for drainage

A

Basilic vein

83
Q

Basilic vein is _________and ___________]to the brachial artery

A

Medial and superficial

84
Q

The brachial artery will lie _______and __________to the basilic vein

A

Lateral and deep

85
Q

Radial artery originates at the

A

Bifurcation of the brachial artery

86
Q

Radial artery is on the surface of the forearm from center of the Antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the _______________

A

second digit

87
Q

Radial artery is just _________ to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

A

Lateral

88
Q

Ulnar artery originates at the bifurcation of the ____________ and is ____________ than the radial artery

A

Brachial artery, larger

89
Q

Ulnar artery is on the surface of the forearm from the center of the Antecubital fossa to

A

A point between the fourth and fifth digits

90
Q

Ulnar artery lies _____ to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

A

Lateral

91
Q

Volar arch

A

The same as deep & superficial palmar arch

92
Q

Brachiocephalic artery is the first branch off of the __________ and is only on the _________ side

A

Aortic arch, right

93
Q

Brachiocephalic artery is about ________inches long

A

2-3

94
Q

Right brachiocephalic vein will lie _________and________to the right brachiocephalic artery

A

Lateral and superficial

95
Q

Right brachiocephalic artery will lie _______and ________to the right brachiocephalic vein

A

Medial and deep

96
Q

The aorta is divided into ____ parts

A

4

97
Q

The 4 divisions of the aorta

A

1) ascending aorta
2) arch of the aorta
3) descending thoracic
4) descending abdominal

98
Q

Ascending aorta arises from the

A

Left ventricle of the heart

99
Q

Arch of the aorta continues from the __________________ and is the center of _________________

A

Ascending aorta, embalming circulation

100
Q

Why is the heart excluded from embalming circulation?

A

Because at death the tricuspid valve as well as the bicuspid or mitral valve shut down

101
Q

The descending thoracic and abdominal aorta runs along

A

The left side of the spine

102
Q

The diaphragm (phrenic muscle) divides the

A

Descending thoracic aorta from the descending abdominal aorta

103
Q

All major trunk trunk arteries arise or originate from

A

The descending aorta

104
Q

In infants, the artery to raise for injection is the

A

Descending abdominal aorta or the femoral artery

105
Q

Superior (from above) and inferior (from below) vena cava empty into the

A

Right atrium of the heart

106
Q

All veins have valves except for the

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

107
Q

All veins (except the portal veins) will eventually drain into the

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

108
Q

Portal veins lead to the

A

Liver

109
Q

Common iliac artery originates at

A

The descending abdominal aorta.

110
Q

Descending abdominal aorta bifurcates into the

A

Right and left common iliac arteries

111
Q

Common iliac vein lies directly ________ to the common iliac artery

A

Inferior

112
Q

Common iliac artery lies directly ___________ to the common iliac vein

A

Superior

113
Q

External iliac artery is an extension of the

A

Common iliac artery

114
Q

External iliac artery lies along the medial borer of the

A

Psoas major muscle

115
Q

The external iliac vein lies _________ and ________to the external iliac artery

A

Medial and deep

116
Q

The external iliac artery will lie ________and_______to the external iliac vein

A

Lateral and superficial

117
Q

Internal iliac artery originates from the

A

Common iliac artery

118
Q

Internal iliac artery branches off approximately half way down the _____________ muscle toward the __________

A

Psoas major, pubic viscera

119
Q

Internal iliac artery carries blood to the organs in the

A

Pubic cavity

120
Q

Artery usually severed in autopsy cases

A

Internal iliac artery

121
Q

Another name for the internal iliac artery

A

Hypogastric artery

122
Q

Femoral artery is a continuation of

A

The external iliac artery

123
Q

Femoral artery lies on the surface of the thigh from the center of the _____________ to the center point on the medial condyle of the __________ bone

A

Inguinal ligament, femur

124
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded articular process of a bone

125
Q

Femoral artery runs through the center of the ___________, bounded laterally by the __________muscle and medially by the _______________ muscle

A

Femoral triangle, sartorius muscle, adductor longus

126
Q

Femoral artery begins at the point _________ to the center of the ____________

A

Posterior, Inguinal ligament

127
Q

Femoral artery terminates at the opening in the _______________ muscle

A

Adductor Magnus

128
Q

Incision sight for femoral artery would be along any portion of the _____________________ of the linear guide

A

Superior two thirds

129
Q

Relative position of femoral vein _________ at the Inguinal ligament, progressing to immediately _________ at the apex of the femoral triangle.

A

Medial, posterior

130
Q

In theory, when injecting humectants/ dyes you should always use the

A

Femoral artery

131
Q

Femoral vein will lie ________and ________to the femoral artery

A

Medial and deep

132
Q

Femoral artery will lie ________and________to the femoral vein

A

Lateral and superficial

133
Q

Base of the femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament ( pouparts ligament )

134
Q

Lateral border of the femoral triangle

A

Sartorius muscle

135
Q

Medial border of the femoral triangle

A

Adductor longus

136
Q

Apex of the femoral triangle

A

Adductor Magnus ( not part of femoral triangle)

137
Q

Another name of femoral triangle

A

Scarpa’s triangle

138
Q

Profunda femoris artery will bifurcate from the _________ aspect of the femoral artery w/in scarpa’s triangle

A

Anterior

139
Q

Profunda femoris artery descends downward along the __________ aspect of the thigh

A

Lateral

140
Q

Profunda femoris artery terminates at the

A

Knee

141
Q

Popliteal artery is an extension of the

A

Femoral artery

142
Q

Popliteal artery runs through the center of the _____________ parallel to the long axis of lower extremity

A

Popliteal space

143
Q

Popliteal artery begins at the opening of the ____________ muscle

A

Adductor Magnus

144
Q

Popliteal artery terminates at the _____________

A

Inferior border of the popliteus muscle

145
Q

Anterior tibial artery originates at the

A

Bifurcation at the popliteal artery

146
Q

Anterior tibial artery runs from the _________ border of the ________ to the anterior surface of the _________ joint

A

Lateral, patella, ankle

147
Q

Place of incision of the anterior tibial artery

A

Along lateral margin of the inferior 1/3 of the crest of tibia bone

148
Q

The peroneal artery is a branch off of the

A

Posterior tibial artery

149
Q

Posterior tibial artery originates at the

A

Bifurcation at the popliteal artery

150
Q

Posterior tibial artery runs from the center of the __________ space to a point midway between the _______________ and the calcaneus bone

A

Popliteal, medial malleolus

151
Q

Place of incision for the posterior tibial artery

A

Midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus tendon

152
Q

Dorsal is pedis artery is an extension of the

A

Anterior tibial artery

153
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery runs from the center of the anterior surface of the ___________ to a point between the first and second ________

A

Ankle joint, digits (toes)

154
Q

Place of incision of the dorsalis pedis artery

A

Along superior 1/3 of the linear guide-superficial.

155
Q

Planters arch is formed at the base of the _______anteriorly by the ________________ artery and posteriorly by the __________________

A

Digits (toes), dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial artery

156
Q

Other factors governing selection of arteries to be used for injection

A

1) age
2) sex
3) weight
4) fat distribution
5) disfigurations
6) disease
7) edema
8) location obstruction
9) trauma
10) medico-legal requirements
11) cause of death
12) manner of death

157
Q

Difference between a medical examiner autopsy and a hospital autopsy

A

Hospitals need permission and they do not typically return viscera; medical examiners do not need permission, and they typically return the viscera.

158
Q

N.A.S.H. Cause of death

A

N-Natural
A-Accident
S-Suicide
H-Homicide

159
Q

Difference between a medical examiner and a coroner

A

Medial examiners investigate; coroners hold inquest

160
Q

Blunt dissection

A

Separation and pushing aside of superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and the deep fascia surrounding blood vessels. Utilizing manual techniques or rounded ended instruments that separate rather than cut the protective tissues.

161
Q

Ligate

A

To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming

162
Q

In case of blood borne pathogens, it is best to use the ________ artery because it is farther from your face

A

Femoral

163
Q

5 different incisions

A

1) transvers
2) diagonal
3) longitudinal
4) T-shaped
5) triangular (wedge)

164
Q

Coagulation

A

The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as alcohol or aldehyde.

165
Q

Coagulation is a specific form of ______________

A

Agglutination

166
Q

Three different suture needles

A

1) half moon- neatest incision, most dangerous
2) J- shaped ( single curve)
3) S-shaped ( double curve)- safest, messy closure

167
Q

Single, intradermal, subcutaneous suture ( hidden stitch)

A

Made with a single suturing needle with non-cutting edge, and is used on exposed areas of the body, particularly in plastic surgery operations

168
Q

Double intradermal or double subcutaneous suture

A

Made in the same manner as single intradermal stitch, except a suturing needle is used on each end of the ligature (two suturing needles) and ligatures are crossed at each stitch using a crisscross motion like tying shoes. Gives more protection against leakage in comparison with the single intradermal stitch.

169
Q

Baseball stitch or sail stitch

A

Type of stitch used on baseball covers and was the type of incision used by the Egyptians. Usually uses an s-shaped suture needle

170
Q

Veins and arteries have _______ layers

A

3

171
Q

Lock stitch, half stitch, or blanket suture

A

Makes tight, leak proof closure, but creates unsightly ridge on surface of incision.

172
Q

Figure 8 suture

A

Anchor surface ligature around pins. Considered a temporary suture. Suggested use is to bring and hold lips of incision together before and during embalming operation until more permanent closure is made.

173
Q

Draw stitch

A

Same as single intradermal suture except this stitch penetrates completely through the skin.

174
Q

Worm stitch

A

Easily waxed over if used on exposed areas of the body. Used to turn under excess margins of the skin. Opposite of the draw stitch in regards to exposed areas of the ligature.

175
Q

Whip stitch, continuos glover stitch or roll stitch

A

Used by passing ligature through both sides of the incision from the outside going from one side to the other as the incision is sutured.

176
Q

Bridge suture, temporary interrupted suture

A

Individual stitch knotted at the tissue edge. Normally used as a temporary stitch, may be applied prior to embalming to align tissues

177
Q

Purse string suture

A

Used to close small punctures or holes. A series of small stitches are made through skin around circumference of the opening. The ends of thread are then knotted.

178
Q

Arteries have ______ heavy coats and are ______ walled

A

3, thick

179
Q

Three layers of artery wall

A

1) tunica intima (inner layer)
2) tunica media ( middle layer)
3) tunica adventica ( outer layer)

180
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

Blood vessels supplying nutrients to the larger arteries and veins. Distributed to the walls of the larger veins and arteries throughout the vascular system.

181
Q

Veins have _____ coats and are _______ walled

A

3, thin

182
Q

Arteries have ______ lumen

A

Small

183
Q

Veins have ________ lumen

A

Large

184
Q

Nerves have no _______ or __________

A

Lumen, vasa vasorum

185
Q

Organs in the right hypochondriac region

A

Greater part of right lobe of the liver, hepatic flexure of the colon, part of the right kidney, gall bladder

186
Q

Organs in the epigastric region

A

Greater part of the stomach including cardiac and pyloric orifices. Left lobe and part of right lobe of liver, greater part of the pancreas, duodenum, suprarenal capsules and parts of the kidneys.

187
Q

Organs in the left hypochondriac region

A

Fundus of the stomach, spleen, tail of the pancreas, splenic fixture of the colon, part of the left lobe of the liver

188
Q

Organs in the Right lumbar region

A

Ascending colon, lower part of the right kidney, part of small intestine

189
Q

Organs of the umbilical region

A

Transverse colon, parts of both kidneys, parts of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Part of great omentum and mesentary,

190
Q

Organs of the left lumbar region

A

Part of the left kidney, descending colon, part of the omentum, part of small intestine.

191
Q

Organs of the right Inguinal (iliac) region

A

The cecum and vermiform appendix, part of ascending colon

192
Q

Organs in the hypogastric region

A

Part of the small intestines, bladder in children and in adults if distended, uterus during pregnancy

193
Q

Organs of the left Inguinal (iliac) region

A

Sigmoid flexure of colon and part of the descending colon

194
Q

The trocar is inserted where?

A

The umbilical region, two inches to the left and two inches above the navel.

195
Q

What will come out of the stomach during aspiration?

A

Brown coffee ground consistency with acrid or sour smell

196
Q

What will come out of the cecum during aspiration?

A

Yellow fecal matter

197
Q

What will come out of the urinary bladder during aspiration?

A

Yellow bubbles

198
Q

What will come out of the right side of the heart when aspirated?

A

Dark red venous blood (atrium)

199
Q

What will come from the lungs when aspirated?

A

Clear or red foam or frothy white; no odor

200
Q

What will come from the brain during aspiration?

A

Clear fluid, may contain small specks of tissue with no odor. May be creamy white

201
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Fibrocartilage that joins the two pubic bones in the median plane

202
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine

A

Hip bone

203
Q

Father of US/ Modern embalming

A

Dr. Thomas Holmes

204
Q

The right subclavian artery begins at

A

the sternoclavicular articulation

Embalming (7 decks)

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