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Week 10-SHANE > Lab Guide 57-59 > Flashcards

Lab Guide 57-59 Flashcards

1
Q

Are the kidney retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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2
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

in the paravertebral gutters opposite T12-L3 on each side of the vertebral column

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3
Q

Which kidney is slightly higher?

A

the left

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4
Q

Medially, what are the kidneys in contact with?

A

the psoas major muscle and the suprarenal gland

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5
Q

What do the kidneys lie on posteriorly?

A

the quadrates lumborum muscle and the lateral lumbocostal arches (arcuate ligaments)

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6
Q

What enters/exits the hilum of the kidney?

A

the renal arteries, renal veins, and ureters

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7
Q

What is the hollow, fat-filled space that surrounds the hilum of the kidney?

A

the renal sinus

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8
Q

What to the renal veins empty into?

A

the IVC

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9
Q

Are the renal veins ventral or medial to the renal arteries?

A

ventral

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10
Q

Which is typically longer, the left or right renal vein?

A

the left renal vein

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11
Q

What veins does the left renal vein receive?

A

the left gonadal vein and the left suprarenal vein

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12
Q

Which renal vein runs through the “nutcracker” angle between the aorta and the SMA?

A

the left renal vein (with the 3rd part of the duodenum)

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13
Q

Where do the renal arteries arise from the abdominal aorta?

A

L2 level

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14
Q

Which renal artery passes posterior to the IVC?

A

the right renal artery (making it longer)

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15
Q

Does the ureter exit the kidney hilum posterior or anterior to the renal vessels?

A

posterior

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16
Q

Is the ureter retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

retroperitoneal

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17
Q

What does the ureter travel on in the abdomen?

A

the psoas major muscle (until it crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac artery to enter the pelvis at the pelvic brim)

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18
Q

The fusion of the minor and major calices forms what?

A

the renal pelvis (which narrows into the ureter)

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19
Q

Where are the suprarenal glands located?

A

on the medial aspect of the superior pole of each kidney, embed in peritoneal fat within the renal fascia

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20
Q

What lies between the right and left suprarenal glands?

A

the celiac trunk

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21
Q

What supplies blood to the suprarenal glands?

A

the superior suprarenal artery (branch of the inferior phrenic artery)

the middle suprarenal artery (branch of the aorta)

and the inferior suprarenal artery (branch of the renal artery)

22
Q

In normal respiration, how high does the diaphragm extend?

A

the 5th rib or the 5th intercostal space

23
Q

Centrally, what is the diaphragm composed of?

A

dense, fibrous tissue called the central tendon

NOTE: superiorly, the central tendon is fused with the fibrous pericardium

24
Q

Where does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?

A

the caval hiatus located in the central tendon at T8

25
Q

The peripheral muscular portion of the diaphragm originates where?

A

the xiphoid process, costal cartilages of the lower 6 ribs, and the upper lumbar vertebrae

26
Q

Where does the right crus of the diaphragm typically attach?

A

L1-L3

27
Q

Where does the left crus of the diaphragm typically attach?

A

L1-L2

28
Q

Which crus forms the esophageal hiatus?

A

the right crus (at T10)

29
Q

What can be found coursing along the anterior and posterior surfaces of the esophagus as it enters the the abdomen?

A

the anterior and posterior vagal trunks

30
Q

What level does the aortic hiatus form at?

A

T12

31
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus with the aorta?

A

the thoracic duct

32
Q

What passes through the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

the quadratus lumborum

33
Q

What passes through the medial arcuate ligament?

A

chain ganglia and psoas major muscle (inserts on the bodies of vertebrae T12-L5)

34
Q

What passes through the median arcuate ligament?

A

aorta and thoracic duct

35
Q

Where is the psoas minor located?

A

if present, it can be seen as a flat, tendon on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle

36
Q

T or F. the iliopsoas muscle passes superficial to the inguinal ligament to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur

A

F. It passes deep to it

37
Q

The course of the abdominal aorta spans which vertebrae?

A

T12-L4. At T4 it bifurcates into the two common iliac arteries

38
Q

What are the paired visceral branches of the aorta?

A

the renal, middle suprarenal, and gonadal arteries

39
Q

Where do the gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian) arise?

A

they branch directly from the aorta from the VENTRAL surface just inferior to the renal arteries

They descend obliquely and laterally on the posterior abdominal wall deep to the peritoneum and cross the ureter ventrally, and then enter the pelvic cavity by passing ventral to the external iliac artery

40
Q

What are the paired parietal branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

inferior phrenic arteries and four pairs of lumbar arteries

41
Q

What are the first branches of the abdominal aorta?

A

the inferior phrenic arteries

42
Q

What do the inferior phrenic arteries give rise to?

A

the superior suprarenal arteries

43
Q

What are lumbar arteries. Describe their course

A

they are four pairs of vessels from the aorta at the level of L1-L4. they pass deep to psoas major muscle and ventral to quadratus lumborum onto the posterior body wall

44
Q

What is the IVC formed by? Where?

A

the fusion of the common iliac veins at L5

45
Q

What are the main tributaries of the IVC?

A

the lumbar, right gonadal, renal, right suprarenal, inferior phrenic and hepatic veins

NOTE: the left gonadal and suprarenal veins drain into the left renal vein

46
Q

What is the cisterna chyli and where is it found?

A

it is a dilated sac posterior to the aorta at L1 that receives lymphatic flow from the lumbar and intestinal channels that drain the abdominal viscera, pelvis, and lower limb

47
Q

Superiorly, what does the cisterna chyli continue as?

A

the thoracic lymphatic duct (the duct enters into the thoracic cavity with the aorta through the aortic hiatus)

48
Q

What region of the body does the iliohypogastric nerve supply?

A

the suprapubic region on the anterior abdominal wall

49
Q

Describe the route of the ilioinguinal nerve

A

Arises in lumbar plexus from L1-L2 and courses around the side of the body wall before entering the inguinal canal and exiting through the superficial ring with the spermatic cord. The ilioingunial nerve then continues as the anterior scrotal or the labial nerve.

50
Q

Describe the route of the genitofemoral nerve

A

The genitofemoral nerve arises from the lumbar plexus at nerve roots L1-L2 and parallels the course of the psoas major muscle on its anterior surface. The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve travels part way through the inguinal canal and exits through the superficial ring where it provides motor supply to the cremaster muscle

Week 10-SHANE (17 decks)

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