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Clinical Laboratory Studies > Lab Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Lab Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Venipuncture

A
  1. ) Needle size = 21 gauge, 1.5 inches long
  2. ) Insert needle = Bevel up, 15 degree angle, toward shoulder
  3. ) Hold cotton swab in place for 5 minutes
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2
Q

CASE 1

A

PARASITE/ALLERGIC REACTION - LACTOSE INTOLERANT

  • Upset stomach
  • Milk makes it worse
  • Has asthma and food allergies
  • Increased eosinophils
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3
Q

CASE 2

A

NEUTROPENIA/LEUKEMIA

  • Coughing spells began 2 months ago
  • Drinks heavily
  • Upper and lower respiratory infections
  • Decreased WBC count
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4
Q

CASE 3

A

DEEP VEIN THROMBOPHLEBITIS/THROMBOCYTOSIS

  • Calf pain began 2 days ago
  • Radiates into popliteal fossa
  • Many varicosities in both legs
  • Increased platelets
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5
Q

CASE 4

A

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSUS

  • Extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat began 1 week ago
  • Neck swollen
  • Enlarged lymph nodes
  • Increased lymphocytes/LYMPHOCYTOSIS
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6
Q

CASE 5

A

FOOD INFECTION - BACILLIS CEREUS (HAS FEVER), STAPH. PYOGENS (NO FEVER)

  • Fever diarrhea began in the afternoon
  • Ate sushi in tokyo
  • Began vomiting on the flight
  • Increased WBC/NEUTROPHILIA
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7
Q

CASE 6

A

ALLERGIC REACTION TO POLLEN (CHRONIC INFECTION)

  • Fever, headache, congestion began 4 months ago
  • Increased WBC/EOSINOPHILIA
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8
Q

CASE 7

A

VIRAL INFECTION/CHICKEN POX

  • Fever, hacking cough, sore throat began 3 days ago
  • Whole body aches
  • Rash with small red papules, becomes itchy vesicles
  • Increased WBC/LYMPHOCYTOPHILIA
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9
Q

CASE 8

A

IRON DEFICIENT ANEMIA

  • Constant fatigue began gradually over last few weeks
  • Very heavy menses
  • Odd food cravings
  • Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count
  • Mineral deficiency
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10
Q

CASE 9

A

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

  • Tiredness and lethargy
  • Swelling of dorsum of hands and feet
  • Began at birth
  • Very quiet kid that sleeps a lot
  • Maniscocyte (Sickle cells), nucleated RBCs, reticulocytes
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11
Q

CASE 10

A

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

  • Weakness, headache and light headedness began 3 months ago
  • Smokes 2 packs cigarettes/day
  • Has emphysema
  • Frequently itchy and gets worse with a hot shower
  • Increased hematocrit (polycythemia), hemoglobin, RBCs
  • Decreased white blood cells
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12
Q

CASE 11

A

APLASTIC ANEMIA

  • Severe fatigue, weakness, rapid heartbeat with insidious onset over last 2 months
  • Idiopathic seizures
  • Been on anticonvulsant medication, just changed medications
  • Decreased hatocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs and WBCs
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13
Q

CASE 12

A

SPHEROCYTIC ANEMIA

  • Chronic tiredness
  • Radiates throughtout whole body
  • Skin has slight yellow color
  • Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs
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14
Q

CASE 13

A

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA/PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

  • Intermitten diarrhea and constipation and abdominal pain began 3 weeks ago
  • Very tired at the end of the day
  • Vegan vegetarian
  • Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin
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15
Q

CASE 14

A

THALLASSEMIA ANEMIA/COOLEY’S ANEMIA/MEDITERRANEAN ANEMIA

  • RIght scapular pain and abdominal pain began yesterday
  • Profound fatigue and muscle weakness
  • Lesions on legs that won’t heal
  • Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs
  • Nucleated RBCs, Target cells
  • Increased basophils
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16
Q

CASE 15

A

ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC ANEMIA

  • Spontaneous nose bleeds, ftigue, pallor, and mild fever began 10 days ago
  • 4 yoa
  • Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs, Platelets
  • Increased WBCs/LYMPHOCYTES
17
Q

CASE 16

A

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

  • Fatigue, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, weight loss
  • Insidious over the last 6 months
  • 65 yoa
  • Increased lymphocytes
  • Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs
18
Q

CASE 17

A

ACUTE MYLOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

  • Fatigue, weight loss, bruising, bone pain began 2 weeks ago
  • Whole body fatigue and bruising, left ilium pain
  • 60 yoa
  • Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs, platelets
  • Increased WBCs
19
Q

CASE 18

A

CHRONIC MYLOCYTIC/GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

  • Fatigue, neck pain and upper abdominal discomfort began last autumn
  • Radiates to left arm
  • Weight loss and lack of appetite
  • Increased WBCs (Immature cells)/Eosinophils and basophils
  • 30 yoa
20
Q

CASE 19

A

HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

  • Neck pain, multiply lymph node swellings on the head
  • Leg swelling, and lymph nodes swelling in the groin
  • 37 yoa, been healthy and very active until recently
  • Reed Sternberg cells
  • Decreased RBCs
  • Increased WBCs
21
Q

CASE 20

A

TTP-HUS/THROMBOTIC-THROMBOCYTOPEDIC-PUPORIC-HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME

  • Stopped urinating in the last two days
  • Lower dorsal pain
  • Radiates bilateral between the flanks and groin
  • Heart palpitations and bruising
  • Burr cells, NO PLATELETS

Clinical Laboratory Studies (4 decks)

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