Lab Final Flashcards
What do the colors of the hazard diamond stand for?
Red-Flammable
Blue-Health
Yellow-Reactivity
White-Special
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
Serum has no anticoagulant, plasma has anticoagulant
Accuracy
How close a test result is to the true value
Precision
Describes how close the test results are when they are repeated
Quality Control
A process that monitors the accuracy and precision of results through use of control systems
Calibration
The comparison of an instrument measure or reading to a known physical constant
Standards
Highly purified substances of known value used for calibration
Sensitive
The proportion of cases with a specific disease that gives a positive result (fewer false negatives)
Specificity
The proportion of cases with an absence of disease that gives a negative result (fewer false positive)
Renal Epi Cells
Epi cells that come from the Nephron and are not normally seen in the urine
Transitional Epi Cells
Epi cells that come from the uterers and bladder and are not normally seen in the urine
Squamous Epi Cells
Epi cells tat come from the urethra and are normally found in the urine
First morning Urine
Concentrated urine where formed elements are better presented
Random Urine
Most common urine sample, includes clean catch, may not accurately reflect condition
Timed Urine
Urine test done on diurnally variable disorders, often a preservative is added, regulation of food and drugs often required
Urine
An ultrafiltrate of plasma
How can light and temperature effect a urine sample?
Oxidation/reduction of solutes, bacterial growth increasing nitrates and pH and decreasing glucose, Precipitation of solutes,
What does a persitent foam upon shaking a urine sample mean about the sample?
Protein, white foam is albumin, yellow foam is bilirubin
Hematuria
An increase in RBCs in the urine
Leukocyte esterase
Looks for azurophilic granules of leukocytes in urine as an indication of infection
Nitrate Urine Test
Looks for nitrate reducing bacteria, urine must be in bladder for at least 4 hours
What is a normal glucose level?
less than 160-180 mg/gL
Bright Field Microscopy
Most common
Phase-Contrast Microscopy
Ideal for urine sediments, low refraction of living cells and components
Polarizing Microscopy
Confirms presence of cholesterol
Inference Contrast Microscopy
3-D images, high cost prevents use in most labs
