Lab Final Flashcards
Four main tissue types in the human body?
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
- Lines surfaces of the body that are exposed to the exterior, such as the skin, mouth, throat, digestive and urinary tracts.
- This tissue can form a protective barrier, absorb nutrients, or secrete chemicals
- LOOK AT PAGE 80 (know what they look like)
Connective Tissue
- Located underneath epithelial tissue
- Supports, cushions, and in some cases provides elasticity
- LOOK ON PAGE 81
Muscle Tissue
- Located in body areas where movement is needed, such as skeletal muscles, heart muscle, and digestive organs
- FIND OUT HOW IT LOOKS
Nervous Tissue
- Located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- Transmits sensory and motor information through the body
- FIND OUT HOW IT LOOKS
Describe the function of the integumentary system
- This organ system functions in:
- temperature and water regulation- protection, sensation - synthesis of vitamin D
Describe the structure of the three layers of skin
- Top layer: Epidermis
- Middle Layer: Dermis
- Lowest Layer: Subcutaneous Layer
Function of epidermis
- Top layer of skin
- Made of epithelial tissue
- Serves to prevent water loss and to protect your internal environment from external threats such as bacterial invasion
Function of Dermis
- Middle layer of skin
- Thickest layer of skin
- Composed of dense, irregular connective tissue
- This layer gives skin its flexibility and strength, and houses accessory structures: nerves, muscles, blood vessels, glands, and hair
Function of Subcutaneous Layer
- Lowest layer of skin
- Composed primarily of adipose connective tissue
Recognize the accessory structures of the integumentary system
- Nerves
- Muscles
- Blood Vessels
- Glands
- Hair
Eccrine Sweat Glands
- Glands part of integumentary system
- Produce watery perspiration for the purpose of thermoregulation (control of body temperature)
- Distributed unequally throughout the body
Fingerprints
- Formed by projections of the dermal layer of skin
- Genetically determined and therefore unique to each individual
- Remain constant over an individual’s lifetime – it is not possible to change one’s fingerprints, although many criminals have tried
- Loops: most common (65.9%)
- Whorls: 2nd most common (27.2%)
- Arches: least common (6.9%)
Distinguish the parts of a long bone on a real cow bone
LOOK IN PACKET OR ONLINE
Identify the bones of the skull
- Frontal Bone
- Sphenoid Bone
- Ethmoid Bone
- Lacrimal Bone
- Nasal Bone
- Zygomatic Bone
- Maxillary Bone (aka Maxilla)
- Mandible
- Hyoid Bone
- Occipital Bone
- Temporal Bone
- Parietal Bone
- Vomer
- Inferior Nasal Concha
- LOOK ON PAGES 94-95
Identify the bones of the vertebral column
- Vertebrae
- Intervertebral Discs
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
- LOOK ON PAGE 96
Identify the bones of the upper limb
- Humorous
- Radius
- Ulna
- Carpals
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
- LOOK ON PAGE 97
Identify the bones of the lower limb
- Femur
- Tibia
- Fibula
- Patella
- Tarsals
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
- LOOK ON PAGE 97
Remodeling
-Process of bone constantly being remade
What does the skeletal system consist of? Functions?
- Bones
- Cartilage
- Ligaments
- Bone marrow
- Provides support and protection for other tissues while allowing body movement
- ”skeleton” = withered, dried up
Where are blood cells formed?
Within bone marrow
Bones store?
Calcium
Other minerals
Fat
How many bones in the human body?
-Approximately 206
- Can be classified according to their gross (general) anatomical shape
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Sesamoid bones
- Sutural bones
- Irregular bones
Long Bones?
-Greater in length than in width
Short Bones?
-Similar in length and width
Flat Bones?
-Flat and thin
Sesamoid Bones?
-Small bones that form within tendons (such as patella, or kneecap)
Sutural Bones?
-Small, flat bones formed between the joints of the skull
Irregular Bones?
-Irregularly shaped and do not fit into the other categories
Two components of adult bones?
- Compact bone:
- Bone tissue is tightly packed together, and thus very strong
- Helps compose adult long bone
- Bone tissue forming the walls of the diaphysis and coverings of spongy bone - Spongy bone:
- Bone tissue forms a porous, honeycomb structure
- Helps compose adult long bone
- Bone tissue filling the epiphyses and lining the medullary cavity
Adult long bone is composed of?
- Epiphyses
- Articular cartilage
- Spongy bone
- Red marrow
- Diaphysis
- Periosteum
- Compact bone
- Medullary cavity
- Yellow marrow
- Endosteum
Epiphyses
- Helps compose adult long bone
- Enlarged ends of long bones
Articular Cartilage
- Helps compose adult long bone
- Covers the joint surfaces at the epiphyses
Red Marrow
- Helps compose adult long bone
- Blood cell forming tissue that fills the spaces of spongy bone
Diaphysis
- Helps compose adult long bone
- The midsection shaft of a long bone
Periosteum
- Helps compose adult long bone
- A dense connective tissue membrane covering external bone surfaces
Medullary Cavity
- Helps compose adult long bone
- The space within the diaphysis
Yellow Marrow
- Helps compose adult long bone
- Fatty material occupying the medullary cavity
Endosteum
- Helps compose adult long bone
- Connective tissue membrane lining the medullary cavity