Lab Final Flashcards
1
Q
A
- electric iron dehorner
- destroys the horn-producing skin at the base of the horn; best for calves up to 12 weeks old
2
Q
A
- tube calf dehorner
- function: the tube is placed over the horn and rotated to isolate the horn skin, the tube edge is then used as a gouge to remove the horn, a hole in the side of the tube permits the debris to be removed; for use in calves up to 2 to 3 months of age.
3
Q
A
- barnes dehorner
- function: opening the handles forces the cutting edges together, slicing through the skin and under the horn
4
Q
A
- keystone dehorner
- function: two handles that move a blade downward against a plate or another blade, slicing through the base of the horn and surrounding skin; can be used in older cattle with large horns
5
Q
A
- caustic paste
- function: when applied to the horn bud, the paste causes a chemical burn that destroys horn-producing cells
6
Q
A
- hand saw
- function: used to remove the horn along with a ½-inch ring of skin around the horn base; can be used on older cattle with large horns
7
Q
A
- emasculator
- function: used for severing the spermatic cord during surgical castration, the rough surface behind the blade crimps the spermatic cord to minimize bleeding when the blade cuts
8
Q
A
- elastrator
- function: used to stretch the rubber band while the band is positioned around the neck of the scrotum above the testes; bloodless castration
9
Q
A
- burdizzo aka emasculatome
- function: used to crush the spermatic cord of the testes while still inside the scrotum; bloodless castration
10
Q
A
- newberry knife
- function: used for slide slit scrutm technique in castration
11
Q
A
- electric tail docker
- function: cuts and cauterizes tails
12
Q
A
- ear notchers (small and large)
- function: helps to identify pigs litter and number
13
Q
A
- needle tooth nippers
- function: clips needle teeth of piglets
14
Q
A
- tattoo applicator
- functions: identification
15
Q
A
- weaning devices
- function: to stop bovine calves from suckling
16
Q
A
- milking hobbles
- function: prevent cow from moving legs while standing
17
Q
A
- trocar and cannula
- functions: used to relieve bloating; complete with cannula, a hollow tube which remains when trocar is withdrawn to allow gas to escape; may also be used for nose rings
18
Q
A
- obstetrical chain and handle
- function- provides a good grip on the calf without injury when used in difficult calving situations
19
Q
A
- fetotomy knife
- function: used to dissect a dead fetus during a fetotomy
20
Q
A
- frick speculum
- function: used to relieve bloating in immobilized ruminant animals
21
Q
A
- balling gun
- function: used for the oral administration of capsules and boluses (large pill)
22
Q
A
- dose syringe
- function: to administor liquid medication such as dewormer to large animals
23
Q
A
- pig and lamb resuscitator
- function: place cylinder-shaped plastic mask over face, making sure the head is pulled back so that air passages are open to deliver air to the non-breathing animal
24
Q
A
- lamb and pig puller
- function: aids in the delivery of lambs and piglets
25
- obstetrical snare
- function: for aid in delivering piglets
26
- equine standing hobbles
- function: prevent kicking and pawing of horses
27
- breeding hobbles
- function: provide safe and humane restraint for the equine mare during breeding
28
- chain nose twitch
- function: to control a horse
29
- humane nose twitch
- function: to control a horse
30
- hoof tester
- function: used to determine the location of a painful area in the foot of a lame horse
31
- mcpherson mouth speculum
- function: safely holds an animal’s mouth open and immobilized for extensive work while performing surgery, floating, or other oral dentition-related problems
32
- dental floats
- function: used to file down equine premolars and molars
33
- cribbing collar
- function: to prevent horses from cribbing
34
- oral speculum
- function: to hold the mouth open of a small ruminant
35
- nose tongs
- function: to provide control of cattle
36
normal equine pulse rate
adults - 32-44
young - 70-80
37
normal porcine pulse rate
adult - 60-80
young - 100-130
38
normal bovine pulse rate
adults - 40-80
young - 100-120
39
normal ovine pulse rate
70-80
40
normal caprine pulse rate
70-80
41
normal equine respiration rate
8-16
42
normal porcine respiration rate
8-13
43
normal bovine respiration rate
10-30
44
normal ovine respiration rate
12-20
45
normal caprine respiration rate
12-20
46
normal equine body temperature
100.5
range of 99.0-100.8
47
normal porcine body temperature
101.0
range 100.0-102.0
48
normal bovine body temperature
101.5
range 100.4-102.8
49
normal ovine body temperature
102.3
range 100.9-103.8
50
normal caprine body temperature
103.8
range 101.7-105.3
51
listening for ruminations
listen for 2 full minutes to the mid left paralumbar fossa
52
where can the pulse be felt?
- the femoral artery which is the medail aspect of the thigh between the udder and the hind leg
- tail artery, lift up the tail and place 4 fingers in the groove of the tail's ventral aspect
53
how long is a standing heat in a ewe?
20-42 hours with 30 being the average
54
how much bacteria is ok for milk to have pre-pasterization?
up to 100,000 bacteria per ml
55
how much bacteria can milk have present in it post pasteurization?
20,000 bacteria per ml to be deemed drinkable
56
how much e. coli can be present pre and post pasturization?
100 bacteria pre and only 10 post
57
what are some symptoms showing that a horse may need their teeth floated?
- dropping food
- whole kernals of corn in the feces
- head shaking/tilting
- won't accept the bit
- laceration of the gingiva
- inflammation of the oral cavity
- halitosis
- drooling
58
what is a dental cup?
a depression in a tooth surrounded by central enamel
59
what is the name of the nerve that innervates the horn?
the cornual nerve
60
at what age does an equine have all of its permanent teeth in wear?
5 years of age
61
what is the equine dental formula
2x ( I 3/3, C 0-1/0-1, PM 3-4/3, M 3/3)
62
what is the purpose of floating the teethe of the equine?
removing and/or repairing any irregularities that may have developed to make it easier to chew their food
63
what are equine dental caps?
deciduous teeth that have not been lost and sit on top of the permanent teeth, they can be removed with dental foreceps
64
what are considered the equine cheek teeth?
the molars and pre molars
65
what is the instrument that holds the oral cavity open while floating a horse's teeth?
oral speculum
66
which shaped dental float is used to remove dental points on the upper arcade?
straight float
67
which shaped dental float is used to remove dental points on the lower dental archade?
angled float
68
types of equine tail wraps
tail, medicated, therapeutic, protective, polo
69
a disease in horses that lack exercise
String halt - upward patella fixation
70
what bone is the most prone to fractures in equines
metacarpal bone #2, treatment is to remove
71
factors that effect a radiograph
mA, S, kvp, d
72
what is mA
milliamps; the density/quantity of electrons
73
what is the S
seconds that the image is exposed
74
what is kvp
the kilovoltage potential, this has the greatest influence on an x-ray
75
what is the d?
the distance from the subect, usually about 40 inches, about 3 ft
76
density equals what
the degree of blackness, the higher the ma, the darker the image
77
what is the collimeter
it focuses the image
78
which beam takes the picture?
the primary beam, the seconday beam is what we protect ourselves against
79
what will more mA give you?
more details and density
80
what else does the kilovoltage mean?
the power penetrating ability, the contrast and shades of gray
81
what do you do if an image is too light?
you have to increase the kvp
82
what do you do if the image is too dark?
decrease something
83
what colors of what are seen on xrays?
air is black
fat is dark gray
soft tissue is light gray
bone is white
metal is whitest
84
how many thoracic vertebrea and ribs do horses have?
18
85
what does it mean if you hear high pitched sounds?
gas or possible colic
86
where do you take the pulse on a horse?
the maxillary or facial artery
87
how high is a 1 day old chicks temperature?
102.0, by the 4th day it is between 105.0 and 107.0
88
farm poultry chickens
galus domesticus
89
ducks
ana domestica
90
geese
anaser domesticus
91
turkey
melegris gallopavo
92
egg incubation times
- chicken - 21 days
- turkey/pekin duck - 28 days
- goose - 28-30 days
- mascuby duck - 35 days
- ostrich - 42 days
- emu - 56 days
93
when does the dental star show up in equine teeth
in the central incisiors at 8 years of age, and at 9 years it is present in central incisors and intermedieate incisors
94
how to age a horse's teeth
1. eruption of incisors, upper and lower, decidious and permanent
2. flat surfaces of incisors
3. the angle at which the jaw meets in the front
4. shape of incisors
95
at what age do the equine incisors erupt?
central - 6 days
intermediate - 6 weeks
lateral - 6 months
