Lab exercise 21 Flashcards
1
Q
feed the capillary beds in the tissues
A
arterioles
2
Q
capillary beds are drained by
A
venules
3
Q
directly serves the need of the body’s cells
A
tiny capillaries that branch throughout the tissues
4
Q
exchanges between tissue cells and blood are made through
A
capillary walls
5
Q
except for the tiny capillaries, the walls of blood vessels have
A
3 coats or tunics
6
Q
lines the lumen of a vessel
A
tunica intima
7
Q
bulky middle coat made primarily of smooth muscle and elastic tissue
A
tunica media
8
Q
smooth muscle, controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, is active in
A
changing the diameter of blood vessel, which in turn alters peripheral resistance and blood pressure
9
Q
outermost tunic, composed of fibrous connective tissue
A
tunica externa
10
Q
function of tunica externa
A
support and protect the vessel
11
Q
heavier and contains much more smooth muscle and elastic tissue
A
tunica media
12
Q
lumens of veins
A
larger than corresponding arteries
13
Q
skeletal muscle promotes
A
venous return
14
Q
the transparent walls of the tiny capillaries are only;
consisting;
A
1 cell layer thick
consisting of just the endothelium underlain by a small amount of fine connective tissue
15
Q
largest artery in the body
A
aorta
16
Q
branches of the ascending aorta
A
right and left coronary arteries
17
Q
right and left coronary arteries supply the
A
myocardium
18
Q
first branch of the aortic arch
A
brachiocephalic trunk
19
Q
other major arteries branching off the aortic arch are the
A
left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery
20
Q
brachiocephalic artery splits and divides into the
A
right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery
21
Q
the common carotid artery on each side divides to form an
A
internal and external carotid artery
22
Q
internal carotid artery serves the
A
brain
23
Q
describe the function of the arteries and veins
A
They are conducting vessels with only the capillaries being the site of nutrient exchange with tissue cells.
24
Q
describes the tunica intima
A
It is the inner most layer of blood vessel walls and contains smooth tightly connected squamous cells
25
systole
contraction
26
distole
relaxation
27
cardiac cycle
one complete heart beat
28
during diastole
SV closed
| AV open
29
during systole
SV open
| AV closed
30
at the end of systole
ventricles relax
| AV is open
31
the first sound lub occurs as the
AV valve close at the beginning of the systole
32
the second sound dub occurs as the
SV close at the end of systole
33
pulse
alternating surges of pressure (expansion and then recoil) in an artery that occur with each beat of the left ventricles.
34
any large difference between the values observes, reffered to as a
pulse deficit
35
pulse deficit indicate a
weakened heart that is unable to pump sufficient blood into the arterial tree or abnormal hear rythms
36
apical pulse counts are routinely ordered for people with
cardiac disease
37
common carotid artery
at the side of the neck
38
temporal artery
anterior to the ear, in the temple region
39
facial artery
clench the teeth, and palpate the pulse just anterior to the masseter muscles
40
brachial artery
in the antecubital fossa, at the point where it splits into the radial and ulnar arteries
41
radial artery
at the lateral aspect of the wrist, just above the thumb
42
femoral artery
in the groin
43
poplitael artery
at the back of the knee
44
posterior tibial artery
just above the medial malleolus
45
dorsalis pedis artery
on the dorsum of the foot
46
Describe blood pressure;
| measured in
pressure the blood exerts against the inner blood walls;
| measured in the arteries
47
pressure in the arteries at the peak of ventricular ejection
systolic pressure
48
pressure during ventricular relaxation
diastolic pressure
49
instrument used to measure blood pressure
sphygmomanameter
50
sounds of Korotkoff indicate the resumption of
blood flow into into the forearm
51
Anterial BP is directly proportional to
cardiac output and peripheral resistance
52
peripheral resistance is increased by
blood vessel constriction
increase in blood viscosity or volume
loss of elasticity of the arteries
53
any factor that increases either the cardiac output or the peripheral resistance causes
an almost immediate reflex rise in blood pressure
54
2 factors that alter blood pressure
posture and exercise
55
quick way to compare the relative fitness level of a group of people
harvard step test
56
local blood supply to the skin is influenced by
local metabolites
oxygen supply
local temperature
substances release by injured tissues
57
aorta extends upward as the
arches posteriorly and left at the
them curses downwards as the
it passes through the diaphragm to enter the abdominal cavity as the
ascending aorta from the left ventricle
aortic arch
thoracic aorta
abdominal aorta
58
the common carotid artery on each sides divides to form an
internal carotid artery
59
external carotid artery supplies the
tissues external to the skull in the neck and head
60
the right and left subclavian arteries each give off several branches to the
head and neck
61
runs up the posterior neck to supply the cerebellum, brain stem and the posterior cerebral hemispheres
vertebral artery
62
in the armpit, the subclavian artery becomes the
axillary artery, which serves the upper limb
63
what runs through the axilla?
as it runs through, it gives off several branches to the
chest wall and shoulder girdle
64
when axillary artery enters the arm, it becomes
brachial artery
65
brachial artery divides into
radial and ulnar arteries
66
most of the thorax wall and the anterior intercoastal structures are supplied by
anterior intercostal artery branches
67
posterior intercoastal regions are served by the
posterior intercoastal arteries
68
arteries that serve the diaphram
phrenic arteries
69
arteries that serve esophagus
esophageal arteries
70
arteries that serve bronchi
bronchial arteries
71
major branches serve the
abdominal organs and the lower limbs
72
unpaired artery that divides almost immediately into 3 branches
celiac trunk
73
celiac trunk divides into
left gastric artery
splenic artery
common hepatic artery
74
left gastric artery supplies
the stomach
75
the splenic artery supplies the
spleen
76
common hepatic arteries gibe off branches to the
stomach, small intestines and pancreas
77
common hepatic artery becomes the;
as it runs to serve the;
hepatic artery proper
liver
78
largest branch of the abdominal aorta
superior mesenteric artery
79
superior mesenteric artery supplies
most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine
80
supply the kidney
renal arteries
81
gonadal arteries are called what in male and female?
ovarian and testicular arteries
82
final major branch of the abdominal aorta is the
inferior mesenteric artery
83
inferior mesenteric artery supplies
the distal half of the large intestine
84
in the pelvis region, the descending aorta divides into the 2 large
common iliac arteries
85
common iliac arteries serve the
pelvis, lower abdominal wall and the lower limbs
86
common iliac arteries extends into the;
before it divides into
pelvis
internal and external iliac arteries
87
internal iliac artery supplies the
gluteal muscles and the adductor muscles of the medial thigh, as well as the genitals
88
external iliac artery supplies the
in the thigh its name changes to
anterior abdominal wall and the lower limb
femoral artery
89
at the knee the femoral artery becomes the
subdivisions
popliteal artery
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
90
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
supply the left and foot
91
anterior tibial artery supplies the
extensor muscles and terminates with the dorsalis pedis artery
92
dorsalis pedis supplies the
dorsum of the foot and continues on as the arcuate artery
93
veins draining the head and upper extremities empty into the
those draining the lower body empty into
superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
94
onferior vena cava returns
blood to the hear from all body regions below the diaphram
95
drain venous blood from the legs and pelvis
common iliac veins
96
each common iliac veins is formed by the;
draining the;
internal iliac vein
pelvis and the external iliac vein
97
pelvis and the external iliac vein recieves
venous blood from the lower limb
98
veins of the leg include;
which serve;
anterior and posterior tibial veins
calf and foot
99
anterior tibial vein is a continuation of the
dorsalis pedis vein of the foot
100
posterior tibial vein is formed by the union of the
medial and lateral plantar veins
101
popliteal vein becomes the
femoral vein in the thigh
102
longest vein in the body
great saphenous vein
103
inferior vena cava receives blood
from the posterior abdominal wall via several pairs of the lumbar veins
right ovary or testis via the right gonadal vein
104
receives blood from the adrenal gland on the same side
right suprarenal vein
105
drains the liver
right and left hepatic veins
106
unpaired veins draining the digestive tract organs empty into
hepatic portal vein
107
hepatic portal vein
carries blood to the liver
108
drain the head, neck and upper extremities
right and left brachiocephalic veins
109
drain the head, neck and upper extremities unite to form the
superior vena cava
110
bracnhes of the brachiocephalic veins include
internal jugular
vertebral
subclavian veins
111
large veins that drain the dural sinuses of the brain
internal jugular veins
112
internal jugular veins receive blood from the
head and neck
113
drain the posterior aspect of the head and neck
vertebral veins
114
receive venous blood from the upper limb
subclavian veins
115
returning venous drainage of the extracranial tissues of the head and neck
external jugular veins
116
superficial venous drainage of the arm include the
cephalic vein
basilic veins
median cubital
117
cephalic vein emplties
into the axillary vein
118
basilic vein enters the
brachial vein
119
median cubital runs between the
cephalic and basilic veins in the anterior elbow
120
drains the right side of the thorax
azygos veins
121
pulmonary circulation does not serve
the metabolic needs of the body tissues
122
pulmonary arteries plunge into;
where they subdivide into
lungs
lobar arteries
123
diffusion of the respiratory gases occurs across the
walls of the air sacs and pulmonary capillaries
124
another name for air sacs
alveoli
125
pulmonary capillary beds are drained by
venules
126
venules converge to form
larger and larger veins and finally the 4 pulmonary veins
127
function of pulmonary veins
return blood to the left atrium of the heart
128
in a developing fetus, everything occur through the
placenta
129
carries blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus
umbilical vein
130
carry carbon dioxide and waste laden blood from the fetus to the placenta
umbilical arteries
131
newly oxygenated blood flows superiorly toward the
fetal heart
132
carries blood to the right atrium of the heart
ductus venousus
133
fetal lungs are
nonfunctional and collapsed
134
flaplike opening in the interatrial septum
foramen ovale
135
blood that does enter the right ventricle and is pumped out of the pulmonary trunk encounters a second shunt called
ductus arteries
136
describe ductus arteries
short vessel connection the pulmonary trunk and the aorta
137
blood tends to enter the
systemic circulation through the ductus arteriosus
138
carries blood to the tissues of the body
aorta
139
blood finds its way back to the placenta via
umbilical arteries
140
veins of the hepatic portal circulation drain the
digestive organs, spleen and pancreas and deliver this blood to the liver via hepatic portal vein
141
liver is drained by the
hepatic veins that enter the inferior vena cava
142
drains the distal part of the large intestine
inferior mesenteric vein
143
drains the small intestine and the proximal colon
splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein
144
splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein unite to form
hepatic portal vein
145
drains the lesser curvature of the stomach, drains directly into the hepatic portal vein
left gastric vein
146
brain is supplied by 2 pairs of arteries
internal carotid arteries
| vertebral arteries
147
branches of common carotid arteries, take a deep course through the neck, entering the skull through the caotid canals of the temporal bone
internal carotid arteries
148
supply the bulk of the cerebrum
anterior and middle cerebral arteries
149
internal carotid arteries also contribute to the
circle of wills
150
describe circle of wills
an arterial network at the base of the brain surrounding the pituitary gland and the optic chiasma
151
short shunt connecting the right and left anterior cerebral arteries
anterior communicating artery
152
within the skull, the vertebral arteries unite to form the single
basilar artery
153
at the base of the cerebrum, the basilar artery divides to form the
posterior cerebral arteries
154
the uniting of the anterior and posterior blood supplies via
the circle of willis is a protective divide that provides an alternate set of pathways for blood to reach the brain tissue in the case of impaired blood flow anywhere in the system
