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FORS 2107 > lab exam - readings > Flashcards

lab exam - readings Flashcards

1
Q

sentence for a first offence of driving under the influence (alcohol)

A

3-day licence suspension and 150$ administrative fee

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2
Q

sentence for a second offence within 5 years of driving under the influence (alcohol)

A

7-day licence suspension, mandatory alcohol education program, and 150$ administrative fee

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3
Q

sentence for a third offence within 5 years of driving under the influence (alcohol)

A

30-day licence suspension, mandatory alcohol treatment program, six-month ignition interlock licence condition, and a 150$ administrative fee

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4
Q

what is ALCOScreen

A

saliva alcohol test

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5
Q

what does ALCOScreen react with

A

methyl, ethyl, and allyl alcohols

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6
Q

what enhances colour development in ALOScreen

A

peroxides and strong oxidizers

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7
Q

what inhibits colour development in ALOScreen

A

ascoribc acid, tannic acid, pyrogallol, bilirubin, etc.

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8
Q

difference between drug screening and identification

A

screening: looking for one drug in particular
identification: multiple tests to determine the exact composition of an unknown compound

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9
Q

what percentage of collected forensic evidence is drug-related in the US

A

nearly 75%

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10
Q

how long does a strand of hair retain evidence of drug use

A

at least three months

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11
Q

who is James Marsh

A

a Scottish chemist who developed a chemical test to detect arsenic

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12
Q

what type of drug is marijuana

A

hallucinogen

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13
Q

what happens when you pull the trigger of a modern handgun

A

the firing pin hits the primer cap, creating a small explosion which detonates a powder charge inside the cartridge. That explosion releases a tremendous volume of gas which creates the forcing cone, pushing the bullet out of the barrel

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14
Q

what type(s) of gun(s) don’t impart a twist

A

shotguns and smooth bore rifles

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15
Q

what are lands and grooves

A

lands: indentations in the barrel, creating raised areas on the bullet
grooves: raised areas in the barrel creating cut out areas on the bullet

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16
Q

true or fasle: If a bullet is dropped from the same height. and at the same time. another identical bullet is fired from a gun whose barrel is parallel to the ground. the fired bullet will land at least a second after the dropped one

A

false, neither the spin of a bullet as it emerges from the barrel of a gun nor its velocity give it any lift. the fired bullet will be acted on by gravity the same way as the dropped bullet, and both will hit the ground at the same time

17
Q

true or fasle: Any caliber cartridge can be fired from a gun made for a bigger cartridge. for example: a . 357 round can be fired from a .44

A

false, because the mechanism of the bigger gun is not designed to work with smaller calibers, the gun will not fire, eject, or load a round safely

18
Q

true or false: only the US Government normally has access to a gun totally invisible to X-ray scanners in airports

A

fasle, no gun is totally invisible to X-rays in airports

19
Q

true or false: a gun fired underwater is lethal for between six and ten feet

A

false, the density of water robs bullets of their energy after three feet

20
Q

what are the five things hairs and fibers allow us to do (forensic pov)

A
  1. link a suspect to the scene of a crime
  2. determine the entrance or exit route of a criminal
  3. show that contact has occurred between a suspect and a victim
  4. identify clothes or shoes disposed of by a suspect
  5. determine the contact point of a victim with an object, like a car, or a table edge
21
Q

what characteristics do we look at in hair analysis

A

colour, length, diameter, shape

22
Q

how can hair be distinguished from fibers

A

fibers have no medulla or scale pattern

23
Q

what characteristics are included in fiber analysis

A

colour, length, diameter, cross-sectional shape

24
Q

how to collect fibers at a scene

A 
with forceps (if can be seen with the naked eye)
vacuum fitted with a special filter
sticky medium (like tape)
25
Q

what is the 3R rule

A

radial cracks make right angles to the rear

26
Q

what type of oil has a refractive index similar to that of pyrex

A

vegetable oil

27
Q

what is another name for minutia

A

Galton details

28
Q

lifespan of fingerprints

A

form after about 5 months in the womb and remain constant even after death

29
Q

2 facts about fingerprints

A

permanence and uniqueness

30
Q

2 problems solved with fingerprints

A

authentification and identification

31
Q

what does ninhydrin react with

A

amino acids

32
Q

what is ninhydrin most used for and why

A

questioned documents because it works best on paper

33
Q

what percentage of crime scenes has usable footprints

A

about 40%

FORS 2107 (3 decks)

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