Lab Exam - Identification Flashcards
1
Q
Amphioxus
A
- Oral hood with tentacles
- Notochord extends to tip of head
- Many pharyngeal slits
2
Q
Ascidiacea
A
Larvae undergo metamorphosis
In larvae:
- Notochord present
- Tail present
- Eye spots present
- Fewer paired pharyngeal slits than in adult
3
Q
Larvacea
A
Do not undergo metamorphosis
Adults resemble larvae but with a well-developed gut
4
Q
Myxiniformes
A
- Tongue with two rows of keratinized tooth plates
- 1-16 gills
- Fin-like structure running along ventral surface
- Feeler whiskers under the mouth
5
Q
Petromyzontiformes
A
- Mouth has oral disc with keratinized tooth-like structures (circular)
- 7 gills that look like holes
- Caudal fin along post-anal tail
6
Q
Ammocoete
A
Looks very similar to amphioxus, except:
- Notochord does not extend to the tip of the head
- No cilia/tentacles on oral hood
- Post-anal tail has caudal fin
- Only 7 gill slits
Filter feeder (adult is not!)
7
Q
Selachii
A
- 5-7 gills
- Spiracle
- Heterocercal tail
- Relatively small pectoral fins
- Hyostylic jaw
8
Q
Sharks
A
- Covered in placoid scales
- Multiple rows of teeth within the jaw
- Teeth embedded in gums
9
Q
Rays & skates
A
- Spiracle enlarged and close to eye
- Gills on ventral side of body
10
Q
Holocephali
A
- Gills covered by operculum
- Long, whip-like tail
- Large pectoral fins
- Holostylic jaw
11
Q
Sturgeon
A
- Heterocercal caudal fin
- Spines present along back and sides
- Ventrally placed mouth
- Ctenoid scales
12
Q
Salmon/trout
A
- Homocercal caudal fin
- Mouth anteriorly placed
- Cycloid scales
- No spines
13
Q
Sunfish/bass
A
- Homocercal caudal fin
- Spiny rays on dorsal/anal fin
- Mouth anteriorly placed
- Ctenoid scales
14
Q
South American lungfish
A
- Very thin pectoral and pelvic fins
- Caudal fin runs along ventral and dorsal sides of tail
- Reduced gills
15
Q
African lungfish
A
- Thin pectoral and pelvic fins
- Caudal and dorsal fins fused, run along dorsal and ventral sides of tail
- Full aestivation
16
Q
Australian lungfish
A
- Normal lobed pectoral and pelvic fins
- Posterior end is a fat wedge shape
- Caudal fin along tail
17
Q
Neotenic Caudata
A
Metamorphosis is not completed, so adult looks somewhat like larvae
- Adult retains gills
- Tail resembled caudal fin
18
Q
True frog
A
- Tapered toes
- Road pupils
- Eyes dorsally placed
- Smooth skin
- No parotoid gland
- Tympanum around same size as eye
19
Q
Treefrog
A
- Bulbous tip of toes
- Elliptical pupil
- Laterally placed eyes
- Smooth skin
- No parotoid gland
- Small tympanum
20
Q
Toad
A
- Tapered toes
- Horizontal slit pupil
- Laterally placed eyes
- Wart-like structures present
- Parotoid gland present
- Tympanum same size as eye
21
Q
Caudata
A
- No annuli
- Limbs may be present, reduced, or partially absent
- Skull gracile
- Post-anal tail present
22
Q
Anura
A
- No annuli
- Limbs present
- Hindlimbs substantially larger than forelimbs
- Skull gracile
- Tympanum
- Vocal sac
- Post-anal tail absent
23
Q
Gymnophiona
A
- Annuli present
- Skull well ossified and fully closed
- Post-anal tail reduced or absent
- Eyes reduced
- Limbs absent
- Tentacles on face
24
Q
Rhynchocephalia
A
Look almost exactly like a lizard but does not have fully-developed hemipenes
25
Chameleon
- Laterally compressed body
- Prehensile tail
- Independently mobile eyes
- Zygodactyl
- Projectile tongue
26
Anole
- Dewlap on males
- Well developed toe pads
- Limited colour change (greens and browns only)
27
Gecko
- No temporal arches
- Nocturnal
- Slit pupil
- Subdigital lamellae
- Tubercles
- No eyelids (they lick their eyes)
28
Skink
- Fish-like scales
| - Tendency for limb loss and reduction
29
Coral snake
If red and yellow bands touch, dat shit is POISON.
Colour banding also goes all the way around the body (doesn't always in mimics)
30
Lizard
- External ears present
- Eyes present
- Limbs present
31
Snake
- External ears absent
- Eyes present
- Limbs absent
32
Worm lizard
- External ears absent
- Eyes absent
- Limbs absent
33
Alligator/caiman
- Lower teeth fit into pits in the upper jaw, so lower teeth are not visible when the jaw is closed
- Snout relatively broad
34
Ghavial
- Long, thin snout
| - Many teeth, all thin and needly
35
Crocodile
- Fourth tooth in lower jaw lies outside the upper jaw when mouth is closed
- Generally, the snout is narrower than an alligator's and wider than a ghavial
36
Duck
- Palmate foot
- Strainer beak (?)
- Sexual dimorphism present
37
Eagle
- Raptorial foot type
- Meat tearing beak
- Sexual dimorphism absent
38
Crow
- Ansiodactyl foot
- Generalized beak
- Sexual dimorphism absent
39
Cormorant
- Totipalmate foot
- Hooked beak
- Sexual dimorphism unknown
