Final Exam

Question 1

Amniota

Answer 1

All animals with an amniotic egg

Question 2

Reptilia

Answer 2

Reptiles

Question 3

Mammalia

Answer 3

Mammals

Question 4

Archosauria

Answer 4

Crocodylians and birds

Question 5

Lepidosauria

Answer 5

Tuataras + lizards and snakes

Question 6

Squamata

Answer 6

Lizards and snakes

Question 7

Testudines

Answer 7

Turtles and tortoises

Question 8

Rhynchocephalia

Answer 8

Tuataras

Question 9

Iguania

Answer 9

Iguanas, anoles and chameleons

Question 10

Gekkota

Answer 10

Geckos

Question 11

Scincidae

Answer 11

Skinks

Question 12

Bipes

Answer 12

Genus of worm lizard with functional forelimbs and no hindlimbs

Question 13

Varanidae

Answer 13

Monitor lizards (e.g. komodo dragon)

Question 14

Serpentes

Answer 14

Snakes

Question 15

Viperidae

Answer 15

Vipers, rattlesnakes, adders

Type 2 venom gland with ultra-efficient front fangs

Question 16

Elapidae

Answer 16

Cobras, sea snakes

Type 2 venom gland with medium-efficiency front fangs

Question 17

Colubridae

Answer 17

Garter snakes, twig snakes

Type 1 venom gland with low-efficiency rear fangs

Question 18

Crocodylia

Answer 18

Crocodiles, alligators, caimans

Question 19

Aves

Answer 19

Birds including Archaeopteryx

Question 20

Neornithes

Answer 20

Modern birds

Question 21

Prototheria

Answer 21

Egg-laying mammals, monotremes

Platypus & echidna

Question 22

Metatheria

Answer 22

Marsupials

Question 23

Eutheria

Answer 23

“True” mammals - placental mammals

Question 24

Cetacea

Answer 24

Whales, dolphins and porpoises

Question 25

Homonoidea

Answer 25

Apes

Question 26

Anole

Answer 26

Iguanidae; colourful dewlap

Question 27

Chameleon

Answer 27

Iguanidae; telescopic eyes, prehensile tail, projectile tongue

Question 28

Beaded lizards

Answer 28

Bottom jaw has venom glands, shallow grooves in teeth for injection

Question 29

Komodo dragon

Answer 29

Bottom jaw has venom glands; venom is not injected; teeth are serrated for slashing

Question 30

Worm lizards

Answer 30

Most species have no forelimbs or hindlimbs, but have a vestigial pelvic girdle, except Bipes

Question 31

Slow worms

Answer 31

Limb reduced Varanid

Question 32

Glass lizards

Answer 32

Limb reduced Varanid

Question 33

Flapfoots

Answer 33

Limb reduced Gekkota

Question 34

Boas and pythons

Answer 34

Basal snakes, constrictors | Have vestigial hindlimbs

Question 35

Great Apes

Answer 35

Orangutan, Gorilla, Chimp, Bonobo, Humans

Question 36

Stapes

Answer 36

Middle ear bone; modified hyomandibula

Question 37

Incus

Answer 37

Middle ear bone

Question 38

Malleus

Answer 38

Middle ear bone

Question 39

Maxilla

Answer 39

Bone to which fangs attach in snakes

Question 40

Dentary

Answer 40

Component of the lower jaw - only component in mammals

Question 41

Quadrate

Answer 41

Prior to mammals, articulated with the articular at one side and skull/hyomandibula at the other

Question 42

Articular

Answer 42

Prior to mammals, articulated with dentary at one end and quadrate at other

Question 43

Hyomandibula

Answer 43

Prior to reptiles, articulated with quadrate at one end and skull at the other

Question 44

Coracoid

Answer 44

Bone that joins the scapula to the front end of the sternum Present in all animals prior to Metatheria

Question 45

Furcula

Answer 45

Fused clavicles in birds, creating U/V-shape

Question 46

Tarsometatarsus

Answer 46

Fusion of tarsals and metatarsals in birds

Question 47

Tibiotarsus

Answer 47

Tibia is fused to tarsals in birds

Question 48

Pygostyle

Answer 48

Fused caudal vertebrae for tail feather attachment

Question 49

Synsacrum

Answer 49

Fusion of caudal and dorsal vertebrae to the pelvic girdle in birds

Question 50

Carpometacarpus

Answer 50

Fusion of carpals and metacarpals in birds

Question 51

Transverse abdominis

Answer 51

Muscle related to lung compression in turtles

Question 52

Oblique abdominis

Answer 52

Muscle related to lung expansion in turtles

Question 53

Pectoralis

Answer 53

Muscle related to downstroke in birds

Question 54

Supracoracoideus

Answer 54

Muscle related to upstroke in birds

Question 55

Slow Oxidative

Answer 55

Muscle designed for little power but little fatugue

Question 56

Fast Oxidative-Glycolitic

Answer 56

Muscle designed for intermediate power and fatigue

Question 57

Fast Glycolitic

Answer 57

Muscle designed for great power and easy fatigue

Question 58

Platomaxillary arch

Answer 58

Arch on each side of the upper jaw in a snake

Question 59

Uncinate process

Answer 59

Projection on the ribs to help stabilize ribs for flight