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Neuro E1 > Lab Exam > Flashcards

Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Blood supply for Wernicke’s area

A

MCA (inferior division)

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2
Q

Location of Broca’s area

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

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3
Q

Location of Wernicke’s area

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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4
Q

What is the arcuate fasciculus?

A

Pathway in which Broca’s and Wernicke’s communicate

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5
Q

What cortex is the calcarine sulcus in?

A

Visual

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6
Q

What supplies the gyri brevis?

A

MCA

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7
Q

What artery supplies the primary visual cortex?

A

Calcarine artery

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8
Q

Calcarine artery arises from which larger vessel?

A

PCA

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9
Q

Occlusion of the PCA produces what deficits?

A

Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia

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10
Q

What fibers are found within the anterior white commissure?

A

Spinothalamic

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11
Q

Where does the great vein of Galen drain?

A

Straight sinus

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12
Q

What lamina is the dorsal nucleus of Clarke found in?

A

Lamina VII

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13
Q

What is the function of the anterior commissure?

A

Connects right and left temporal lobes

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14
Q

The septum pellucidum forms the walls of what ventricles?

A

Lateral ventricles

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15
Q

Occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius will produce what pathology?

A

Non-communicating hydrocephalus

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16
Q

What drains the confluence of sinus?

A

Transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV

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17
Q

When the fasciculus gracilis fibers are decussating, what are they called? What do they travel as?

A

Internal arcuate fibers. Medial lemniscus.

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18
Q

Lesion to the cauda equina will result in…

A

Saddle anesthesia–no bowel/bladder control

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19
Q

What is the most common defect of the anterior communicating artery?

A

Berry aneurysm

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20
Q

What is the function of the precentral gyrus?

A

Primary motor

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21
Q

What gyrus is the uncus in?

A

Parahippocampal gyrus

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22
Q

What structure is found deep within the lateral sulcus?

A

Insula (central lobe)

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23
Q

Occlusion of the ACA will produce deficits where?

A

Contralateral lower limb

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24
Q

A lesion in the inferior frontal gyrus will produce what deficit?

A

Broca’s aphasia (expressive aphasia)

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25
Q

What vertebral levels are the IMLs located at?

A

T1-L2 and S2-S4

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26
Q

What do the pontine arteries arise from?

A

Basilar artery

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27
Q

Blockage of the interventricular foramen leads to build up in what structures?

A

Lateral ventricles

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28
Q

What tract travels through the dorsolateral tract of Lissauer?

A

Spinothalamic tract

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29
Q

Where does the sigmoid sinus drain?

A

IJV

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30
Q

Injury to the anterior paracentral gyrus will lead to what symptoms?

A

Contralateral lower extremity paralysis

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31
Q

What sense is controlled by the lingual gyrus?

A

Vision

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32
Q

The angular artery is a branch of….

A

MCA

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33
Q

The parahippocampal gyrus is part of what lobe?

A

Limbic

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34
Q

Alpha motor neurons are found in what lamina?

A

Lamina IX

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35
Q

What supplies the gyrus rectus?

A

Orbital branches of the ACA

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36
Q

What is the source of the pericallosal artery?

A

ACA

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37
Q

What portion of the hypothalamus sends info to the pineal body?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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38
Q

Failure of the lamina terminalis to close during development will lead to what condition?

A

Anencephaly

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39
Q

Tertiary neurons from which tract synapse on the post central gyrus?

A

Dorsal column

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40
Q

Occlusion of PICA will lead to what symptoms?

A 
Wallenberg:
Diplopia
Nystagmus
Horner syndrome
Vertigo
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41
Q

What supplies blood to the cingulate gyrus?

A

Pericallosal branch of ACA

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42
Q

Superior cerebral veins drain into what sinus?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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43
Q

Hyperreflexia can result from occlusion of what branch of the ICA?

A

MCA

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44
Q

The great anastomotic vein of Trolard is an anastomosis of what two vessels?

A

Superior sagittal sinus and the superficial middle cerebral vein

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45
Q

Occlusion of the calcarine branch of the PCA will lead to what symptoms?

A

Homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

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46
Q

Which layer of the spinal dura mater is vascular?

A

Periosteal layer

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47
Q

What separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

48
Q

What vertebral level does the cauda equina end in adults?

A

S2

49
Q

What vertebral level is the conus medullaris found in adults?

A

L1/L2

50
Q

What vertebral level is the conus medullaris found in children?

A

L2/L3

51
Q

What three vessels do you find in the superior cistern?

A
  1. Great vein of Galen
  2. Posterior cerebral artery
  3. Superior cerebellar artery
52
Q

What is the anterior wall of the third ventricle? What is it bounded by?

A

Lamina terminalis. Bounded on the left and right by the hypothalamus and thalamus.

53
Q

Name three branches of the ICA.

A

ACA, MCA, posterior/anterior communicating arties, anterior choroidal artery, opthalamic artery

54
Q

What happens if you occlude the ophthalmic artery?

A

Vision loss in ipsilateral eye

55
Q

What happens if you occlude the anterior choroidal artery?**

A

Contralateral hemiparesis, hemianesthesia, hemianopia

56
Q

Name two branches of the vertebral artery.

A

Anterior spinal artery, PICA

57
Q

The ICA enters the skull via ______ and the vertebral artery enters via _____.

A

Carotid canal / foramen magnum

58
Q

What two vessels supply the choroid plexus in the 4th ventricle?

A

PICA and AICA

59
Q

Name three branches of the basilar artery.

A

Superior cerebellar artery, AICA, pontine branches, labyrinthine artery.

60
Q

What CN exits the brainstem by passing between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries?**

A

CN III

61
Q

Compression of CN III would lead to what symptoms?

A

Visual deficits, including accommodation and light response

62
Q

What CN is found in the interpeduncular fossa?

A

CN III

63
Q

What two veins form the great vein of Galen?**

A

Internal cerebral vein and basal vein of Rosenthal

64
Q

What two veins form the straight sinus?**

A

Inferior sagittal sinus and the great vein of Galen

65
Q

What three sinuses drain into the confluence of sinuses?

A

Occipital sinus, straight sinus, and the superior sagittal sinus

66
Q

The superficial middle cerebral vein drains into what sinus?

A

Cavernous sinus

67
Q

Superior anastomotic vein of Trolard drains into what sinus?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

68
Q

Inferior anastomotic vein of Labbe connects what two veins? What does it drain into?

A

Superficial middle cerebral vein and transverse sinus. Empties into transverse sinus.

69
Q

What vessels run inside the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery, CN VI

70
Q

What vessels run inside the walls of the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, V1, V2

71
Q

What drains the cavernous sinus?

A

Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses

72
Q

Embryological origin of hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

73
Q

Embryological origin of aqueduct

A

Mesencepalon

74
Q

Embryological origin of pons/cerebellum

A

Metencephalon

75
Q

Embryological origin of medulla

A

Myelencephalon

76
Q

Embryological origin of third ventricle

A

Diencephalon

77
Q

What sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

78
Q

The inferior parietal lobule is an association area where multiple sensory inputs converge. A lesion to this area is called….

A

Gerstmann’s syndrome

79
Q

Where is the primary auditory cortex?

A

Transverse gyri of Heschl

80
Q

The calcarine sulcus divides the occipital lobe into what two areas?

A

Cuneus and lingual gyrus

81
Q

Occlusion of the MCA will cause…**

A

Contralateral hemiparesis of the upper limb and face

82
Q

What is the blood supply for the internal capsule, putamen, and caudate?

A

Lenticulostriate branches of MCA

83
Q

What is the function of the parahippocampal gyrus?

A

Peripheral and episodic memory

84
Q

Lesion to the optic chiasm will lead to….

A

Ipsilateral hemianopia

85
Q

Lesion to the optic tract will lead to….

A

Contralateral hemianopia

86
Q

What artery travels in the parietal occipital sulcus?

A

PCA

87
Q

What supplies the splenium of the corpus callosum? What supplies the rest of the corpus callosum?

A

PCA / ACA

88
Q

An injury to the bridging veins will lead to what clinical presentation?**

A

Subdural hematoma

89
Q

Which lamina contains enkephalin and substance P?**

A

Lamina II

90
Q

What laminae contain the nucleus proprius?

A

Laminae III and IV

91
Q

What lamina contains the posteromarginal nucleus?

A

Lamina I

92
Q

What lamina contains the zona intermedia, the dorsal nucleus of Clarke, and IML?

A

Lamina VII

93
Q

What lamina is the central canal found in?

A

Lamina X

94
Q

What lamina are alpha motor neurons and gamma motor neurons found in?

A

Lamina IX

95
Q

Fibers from what tract arise from the dorsal nucleus of Clarke?**

A

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

96
Q

What tract enters the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle?**

A

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

97
Q

`What two tracts cross at the anterior white commissure?

A

Spinothalamic and anterior spinocerebellar

98
Q

Where do 90% of corticospinal fibers decussate?

A

Medullary pyramids

99
Q

The lumbar cistern extends from…

A

L1 to S2

100
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space?

A

Between arachnoid and pia

101
Q

What is the origin of the vertebral arteries?

A

Subclavian artery

102
Q

What is the flow of CSF in the CNS?

A
  1. Made in the choroid plexus
  2. Lateral ventricles
  3. Interventricular foramen
  4. 3rd ventricle
  5. Cerebral aqueduct
  6. 4th ventricle
  7. Lateral aperture and medial foramen
  8. Subarachnoid cisterns
  9. Arachnoid granulations
  10. Reabsorbed into venous sinus blood
103
Q

What structures does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

A 
Deep structures:
Choroid plexus
Lateral ventricle
Putamen
Posterior limb of internal capsule
104
Q

What supplies the corpus callosum?

A

ACA

105
Q

What supplies Broca’s and Wernicke’s?

A

MCA

106
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinus empty?

A

Confluence of sinuses

107
Q

What two structures form the straight sinus?

A

Great vein of Galen and inferior sagittal sinus

108
Q

Where does the straight sinus empty?

A

Confluence of sinuses

109
Q

What is the largest cistern and where is it located?

A

Cisterna magna. Located between medulla and cerebellum.

110
Q

Which cistern contains the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries?

A

Superior cistern (aka quadrigeminal aka cisterna ambiens)

111
Q

What are the symptoms of Grestman’s syndrome and what causes it?

A

Caused by lesion in the inferior parietal lobule.

  1. Finger agnosia
  2. Agraphia
  3. Inability to distinguish L from R
  4. Acalculia
112
Q

What does the labyrinthine artery supply?

A

Inner ear structures

113
Q

What are the two major gyri of the occipital lobe?

A

Cuneus and lingual

114
Q

Which vessel creates anterior perforated substance?

A

Lenticulostriate arteries from the MCA

115
Q

What lobe is the hippocampal gyrus part of?

A

Limbic lobe

Neuro E1 (2 decks)

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